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Explore the different immune system responses to pathogens and foreign cells, including nonspecific responses like inflammation and fevers, as well as specific responses involving T and B cells. Learn about cellular and humoral immunity and how the immune system rejects foreign tissues.
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KEY CONCEPTThe immune system has many responses to pathogens and foreign cells.
extracellular space capillary wall white blood cell Two types of responses # 1 Nonspecific Responses-the same for every pathogen • Inflammation • blood vessels become leaky. • white blood cells movetoward infection anddamaged tissue • D. characterized by swelling, redness, and pain
Low fevers stimulate white blood cells to mature. • E. Fever-body temperature increases. • High fevers can cause seizure, brain damage, and even death.
antigens virus 2. Specific Responses 1st detect antigens (surface proteins on pathogens Each pathogen has a different antigen.
pathogen antigens antigens T cell receptors activated T cells memory T cells • A. Cellular immunity uses T cells to destroy infected body cells. • Two types of specific immune responses.
B cell pathogen antibodies T cell memory B cells activated B cells • B. Humoral immunity uses B cells to produce antibodies. .
B cell T cell • Both responses produce memory cells. • specialized T and B cells • provide acquired (active) immunity
The immune system rejects foreign tissues. • Tissue rejection occurs in organ or tissue transplants. • Tissue rejection is the result of an immune response. • immune system detects protein markers on the donor tissue • makes antibodies against the donor’s tissue