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Echinoderms

Echinoderms. Section 29.1. Animal Classification. Sponges Cnidarians Worms Mollusks Arthropods Enchinoderms. Invertebrates. Echinoderms. Animals. Fishes Amphibians Reptiles. Ectotherms (cold-blooded). Vertebrates. Birds Mammals. Endotherms (warm-blooded).

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Echinoderms

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  1. Echinoderms Section 29.1

  2. Animal Classification Sponges Cnidarians Worms Mollusks Arthropods Enchinoderms Invertebrates Echinoderms Animals Fishes Amphibians Reptiles Ectotherms (cold-blooded) Vertebrates Birds Mammals Endotherms (warm-blooded)

  3. What is an Echinoderm? • Echinoderm (Greek word) • “echinos” – spiny • “derma” – skin • Rays – long, tapering arms that are covered with short, rounded spines

  4. What is an Echinoderm? • Pedicellariae (PEH dih sih LAHR ee ee) – modified spines into pincerlike appendages • Echinoderms have radial symmetry

  5. Water Vascular System • Water vascular system – a hydraulic system that operates under water pressure • Water enters and leaves the water vascular system of a sea star through the madreporite

  6. Water Vascular System • Madreporite (mah druh POHR ite) – a sievelike, disk-shaped opening on the upper surface of an echinoderm’s body

  7. Water Vascular System • Tube feet – hollow, thin-walled tubes that end in a suction cup • Tube feet look somewhat like miniature droppers

  8. Water Vascular System • Ampulla – the round, muscular structure works like the bulb of a dropper • Tube feet also function in gas exchange and excretion

  9. Varied Nutrition • Sea stars are carnivorous and prey on worms and clams • Brittle stars and sea cucumbers feed on dead and decaying matter that drifts down to the ocean floor

  10. Simple Nervous System • Echinoderms have no head or brain, but they do have a central nerve ring • Each radial nerve branches into a nerve net that provides sensory information to the animal

  11. Simple Nervous System • Sea stars have eyespots located at the tip of each arm

  12. Diversity of Echinoderms • Sea stars • Most species of sea stars have five rays, but some can have up to 40 rays

  13. Diversity of Echinoderms • Brittle stars • Brittle stars are extremely fragile • This adaptation helps the brittle star to distract a predator

  14. Sea urchins Globe-shaped Do not have rays Look like pin cushions Sand dollars Disk-shaped Do not have rays A living sand dollar is covered with hair-like spines Diversity of Echinoderms

  15. Diversity of Echinoderms • Sea cucumbers • When threatened, they may expel their organs (intestines) through the anus • The organs may rupture and is regenerated in a few weeks

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