Egypt: Study of a Great River Civilization

1. Egypt: Study of a Great River Civilization Unit 5 “The Gift of the Nile”

2. KWL Chart Create a KWL chart in your notes. Please organize into 3 columns. First, fill in 5 things you THINK you know about Egypt. Next, fill in in 5 things you’d like to learn about ancient Egypt.

3. Essential Questions • How did the geography of the Nile region effect how the Egyptians lived? • Why was the Nile important to the Ancient Egyptians? • How is your life better because of the Egyptians? • What made the Egyptians a great civilization? • Who were some of the greatest leaders of ancient Egypt and how did they contribute to the success of Egypt? • What was daily life like for the Egyptians?

4. Why We remember We know about the lives of the ancient Egyptians from the artifacts that archeologists have found. From the writings they left behind, we understand more about their civilization. Writings from other civilizations also tell us about the ancient Egyptians. From the enormous stone structures they built, we are reminded that the ancient Egyptians were there. The ancient Egyptians influenced the lives of many cultures and civilizations all over the world- then and now. How do you think that the people in the future will interpret our civilization?

5. Reading a Timeline • What is the range shown on this timeline? • Who is the oldest Pharaoh shown on this timeline? • Who is the newest Pharaoh shown on this timeline? • How many years were there between the end of Khufu’s reign and the beginning of King Tut’s reign? • How long did Hatshepsut rule? 3000 BCE 2500 BCE 2000 BCE 1500 BCE 1000 BCE 500 BCE Khufu reigned sometime between 2575-2465 BCE Queen Hatshepsut reigned 1498-1483 BCE King Tut reigned 1333-1324 BCE Ramesses II reigned 1279-1213 BCE Djoser reigned sometime between 2630-2611 BCE

6. Interpreting a Primary Source • Hatshepsut was Pharaoh from 1498-1483 B.C.E. • First woman crowned Pharaoh • Many damaged buildings were restored and beautiful new temples were built • “God’s-land” referred to Punt, the African coast • Hatshepsut sent expeditions there to bring back goods. • This painting shows Nubians bringing goods to Egypt “I will lead the army on water and on land, to bring back marvels from God’s-land.” Probably said by Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt c. 1570 BCE

7. You are There! You’ve been chosen to work on an excavation site in Egypt in northwestern Africa. Your experiences from previous units sure have paid off. Now your going to a place where early Egyptian civilization began about 7,000 years ago. Flying overhead the Nile River looks like a long, winding snake. The banks of the Nile are lined with palm trees and crops. However, the green quickly disappears into a sea of sand and stones. The desert, or what the ancient Egyptians called the Red Land, covers more than 90% of Egypt. You wonder if you’ll make an amazing discovery that will reveal more about life in ancient Egypt. When your plane lands at the airport in Cairo, modern Egypt’s capital city, you are prepared for the adventure ahead.

8. Nile Delta Sinai Peninsula Libyan Desert Transitional Page Arabian Desert Nubian Desert

9. Nile Delta From Space Use the handouts from class to answer some basic questions about the geography of ancient Egypt.

10. Egyptian geography Task Rotation

11. A Picture Says 1000 Words • Make an acrostic poem poster that shows why the Nile River was important to the ancient Egyptians. Use the terms “THE NILE” for your seven (7) sentences. Each sentence must be accompanied by a picture. • Make sure you clearly identify reasons that the Nile was important and use facts from the memory box, the movie, and the handout. Plan these in your notebook. Remember that meaningful pictures are more important than artistic ability. • Make sure to include a catchy title.

12. Gifts from the Nile T= Transportation on the Nile allowed the Egyptians to get goods and to communicate throughout the empire H= Having the Nile allowed them to put fish in their bellies!

13. Riverboat Tour of Egypt The 700 mile cruise!

14. If someone from another country were going to visit the United States, what THREE places should he or she visit to learn about the accomplishments of our most important and greatest political leaders?

15. We will begin visiting Key locations in Egypt to learn about some of the most famous political leaders of ANCIENT EGYPT and learn about their accomplishments!

16. Knight at the Museum • Hello! Welcome to our tour of the monuments of ancient Egypt. Today we will see some of the most impressive accomplishments of ancient Egypt’s kings. Our tour will be very special, and quite different from most tours. We will be traveling along the Nile by riverboat. However, before we begin our tour by riverboat, we need to stop at the Cairo Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. At the museum, we will learn about the role of Egypt’s powerful political leaders-the legendary pharaohs.

17. This is the Cairo Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. It lies within the heart of Cairo, the modern capital of Egypt. The museum was built at the beginning of the 20th century. The entrance to the museum leads through beautiful gardens which are filled with statues. These statues, artifacts from thousands of years ago, are outside of the museum, because there is no more room inside the building. Now, let’s go inside to learn more about the rule of ancient Egypt’s earliest kings.

18. The Palette of Narmer

19. Itinerary for the Riverboat tour Now, lets look at a map of some of the places we are going to visit. We will be traveling to sites from each of ancient Egypt’s three main periods of history: The Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom.

20. Stop 1- Pyramids at Giza Welcome to Giza, the first stop on our riverboat tour. We have crossed the Nile River and landed just southwest of Cairo. Giza lies on a plateau, and rising high above this land are the three ancient monuments that dominate the region. They are the pyramids of the pharaohs Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure. Khufu’s pyramid is the largest and most famous. Called, “The Great Pyramid,” it is more than 450 feet tall and covers 13 acres of land. It took more than 2,300,000 separate blocks of yellow limestone to build it. The pyramids of Khafre, one of Khufu’s sons actually seems taller, but it was built on higher ground and is at least 3 feet shorter than Khufu’s. Now lets get off the boat and learn more about the building of “The Great Pyramid.” Khafre’s Khufu’s

21. Stop 2- Saqqara I hope you were impressed with the Great Pyramid. We’ve now traveled farther south along the west bank of the Nile to Saqqara. We are here on another plateau in the desert to see ancient Egypt’s first pyramid, the Step Pyramid of the Pharaoh Djoser. This pyramid, which is the world’s first stone building, was designed by the pharaoh’s architect Imhotep. It was built between 2630-2611 B.C.E. This pyramid was originally built to be a mastaba, a low flat structure that was the common form of a tomb at the time. However, the architect continued to design five increasingly smaller mastabas, one on top of another, until it reached 200 feet tall. Now let’s learn more about the reign and the accomplishments of Djoser.

22. Stop 3 el- Amarna I hope you are not too tired from the last stop on our tour. We’ve now traveled about 150 miles south and crossed over to the east bank of the Nile to el-Amarna. Many unique and beautiful temples once stood on this site, which is surrounded by cliffs on both sides of the Nile. These temples were built during the reign of the Pharaoh Akhenaten. One of ancient Egypt’s most controversial leaders, he banished the worship of multiple gods during his rule. He established a city at this site and made it Egypt’s capital. The city contained many beautiful buildings with pools and gardens. Nearby, he built the royal palace, called the Great Palace, and an open-air temple dedicated to the single god he worshiped. Nearly everything at this site was destroyed by his successors, who reestablished worship of many gods to Egypt. They tried to erase all memory of his reign. Today, only villages like this are all that exist at this site. Let’s get off the boat and learn more about the controversial leader, Akhenaten.

23. Stop 4 Karnak We have now traveled 200 miles farther south along the Nile to Karnak, site of some of the world’s greatest religious architectural achievements. Stretched over more than 200 acres here are temples, chapels, obelisks, columns, and statues, built over some 2,000 years. The structure you see here is the Jubilee Chapel, also known as the White Chapel. Made of limestone, it was originally erected during the reign of Senusret I. The structure eventually disappeared, but pieces of it were discovered centuries later, and the chapel was reconstructed by archeologists. This chapel is considered a masterpiece of architecture from the Middle Kingdom. Now lets learn more about the accomplishments of Senusret I.

24. Stop 5 Deir el- Bahri I hope you enjoyed learning about Senusret I. Wasn’t the Jubilee Chapel awesome? We’ve now gone a short distance directly across the Nile to the west bank to our next site, Deir el-Bahri. Located in the center of a natural bay and surrounded by cliffs, it contains the temple of the Pharaoh Hetshepsut, one of Egypt’s few female rulers. This temple was cut from the high cliffs that surround it, and it is a magnificent architectural achievement. Its design consists of a walled courtyard that leads to a ramp and three raised terraces. The temple complex also contains numerous pillars, a series of sculptures showing a sea expedition, and more chapels and shrines dedicated to various gods. Now let’s stop and learn more about Hatshepsut and how Egypt’s economy grew during her reign

25. Well, its been a long ride. We have traveled another 300 miles farther south but we have finally arrived at the last stop on our tour, Abu Simbel. This site contains one of the most spectacular architectural achievements made by ANY ancient Egyptian ruler: the temple of Ramesses II. He was a pharaoh who ruled during the New Kingdom. He was the most productive builder of all the great pharaohs. The temple’s most striking monuments are the 4 colossal statues that are each about 65 feet high. That’s taller than a 6- story building. Within the temple is a hall , measuring more than 58 feet by 54 feet that contains elaborate pillars, hallways, and sculptures. In 1968, the temples were removed and rebuilt on higher ground to make way for the building of the nearby Aswan High Dam. This is the last stop and I hope you enjoyed your tour and learning about the greatest accomplishments of some of the greatest rulers in the history of ancient Egypt Stop 6 Abu Simbel

26. Which Pharaoh you got? • Ancient Egypt had many great leaders. You have just learned about 6 of them. • In a well written essay, explain which of the 6 was the most important leader to the history of Egypt. Support your opinion with 2-3 reasons and back those reasons up with at lease two pieces of evidence. • In order to create a well written essay, make a formal outline and keep that in your folder to be handed in with your resource packet.

27. Pharaoh Trading cards • Imagine that you own your own trading card business! You have spent several weeks traveling in Egypt touring some of the greatest monuments built by some of the pharaohs of ancient times. You want to make some trading cards to sell that show or depict some of the greatest leaders of ancient Egypt

28. Directions Use what you learned on your tour to create 3 trading cards describing three of the six Pharaohs that we studied. Each card must include: • A front side with name, kingdom, and dates he/she ruled. • You must choose one pharaoh from each of the time periods. (Old, Middle, and New) • A well drawn picture to represent that pharaoh • A well written paragraph describing the characteristics of that time period. (kingdom) • On the back, a well written paragraph to list some of the pharaoh’s major accomplishments. This should be 4-5 sentences and include proper transitions. • A separate section listing some fun facts (3) about that pharaoh • Be creative in designing your cards!

29. Model of Excellence King Tut King Tut was very young when he became Pharaoh. He was only nine years old and he lived a very short life. He was murdered when he was 18 years old. One of his major accomplishments was that he restored polytheism and the gods after his father Ahkanaten had removed them. He also moved the capital back to Thebes. The discovery ofTut's tomb gives us a unique opportunity to explore the life of King Tut and allows us to learn more about this essential period in New Kingdom Egyptian history. Fun Facts: Married his half-sister Death is a mystery Began restoring temples at Karnak and Thebes Nefertiti’s father was his Grand Vizier (Ay). (right-hand man) King Tutankhamun Ruled 1333 BC – 1324 BC New Kingdom

30. Daily Life in Egypt “I spy with my blue eye…”

31. The Hittites, Egypt’s Rivals

32. To spy, or not to spy, that is the question… • You are a spy for the Hittite Empire. You have been summoned by King Bobby Orr Chestnut. He is asking you to do your duty for the empire. You are going to go and “spy” on Egypt and gather information to help you be best prepared to conquer them. You will spend several days there visiting and taking notes that you will use to create a spy journal to give to your king. The fate of the Hittite Empire rests in your hands!

33. GET TO WORK! • First of all, give yourself a secret spy name that comes from the street you live on and the first name a your favorite athlete, movie star, or rock star. • Next, Read each of the 12 handouts and fill in the answer sheets with the 3-4 most important pieces of information found on the sheets. I will let you know how many facts are to be taken from each section • Keep all the information in the folder given to you by your king. Your facts will be graded! We will do the first one together.

34. Adorning the Body A 1,500-year-old wall painting shows three Egyptian women at a banquet wearing cones of scented animal fat. The heat would melt the cones, sending cooling rivers of scent trickling through their hair and down their bodies.

35. Burial Practices This scene shows what occurs after a person has died, according to the ancient Egyptians.

36. Crafts and Trade Craftsmen in ancient Egypt were usually trained and skilled laborers. They were often well-respected in the community and had a comfortable lifestyle.

37. Domestic Life Family was very important to Ancient Egyptians. Many love poems have been found that are very similar to a modern idea of love.

38. Food and Drink Ancient Egyptians put all their work in farming. People may not realize this but animals are an important part of farming. This is why ancient Egyptians kept goats, pigs, ducks, and cows.

39. Housing The brickmaker had one of the more menial occupations in ancient Egypt. To make bricks, Nile mud was mixed with sand, straw and water, slapped into wooden moulds and then slapped out onto the ground to dry in the sun. Bricks were used extensively in ancient Egypt for building everything from peasants' homes to the pharaoh's palaces

40. Medicine Egyptian doctors were highly respected in the ancient world, Doctors had their own hierarchy there were ordinary doctors, senior doctors, masters of physicians and the Chief of Physicians of the South and the North. Royal and palace doctors had special hierarchy and titles.

41. Music and Dance

42. #9-Religious Beliefs The entire civilization of Ancient Egypt was based on religion, and their beliefs were important to them. Their belief in the rebirth after death became their driving force behind their funeral practices.

43. Social Classes

44. Warfare Ramesses II (The Great),  from a painted Relief  at Abu Simbel

45. Writing and Education The ability to read and write was considered a very important skill because if you could read and write you could have a well paid job, and respect of your fellow countrymen.

46. Guidelines for creating an illustrated Spy Journal Imagine that you are a spy for the Hittite Empire in 1350 BCE. You have spent several weeks spying on 12 aspects of daily life in Egypt. You want to describe your most remarkable discoveries to your king, Bobby Orr Chestnut to help him decide whether or not to conquer Egypt. Role – Hittite spy Audience- King Bobby Orr Chestnut, Hittites Format- Illustrated spy journal ( pictures- hand drawn!) Topic- 6 aspects of Egyptian daily life

47. Guidelines for creating an illustrated Spy Journal • An appropriate title • Focus on your audience ( King and fellow Hittites) to teach them about Egyptian daily life • Journal’s first entry needs to be an introduction of: • Your name, age, occupation, and why you are writing this journal • Include 6 entries of daily life features. Date each entry (made up) and describe what you see about the daily life that is important. (3 facts you learned from the sheet) • Each entry must include an intro. Paragraph explaining how you “spied” this information • Each page also must include a hand drawn illustration of what you were seeing (“ snapshot”) • Use transition words to indicate that there are 3 facts included 2

48. Egyptian Warfare March 29th, 1350 BCE Today while standing in the marketplace, I saw some soldiers ride by on their chariots. To learn more about the power of the Egyptian army, I followed them to the battlefield. First of all, Egypt had a full-time army that was stationed throughout Egypt. They used swords, shields, javelins and chariots in their battles. Finally during peacetime they performed other jobs such as digging canals and building tombs.

49. Elements www.animationfactory.com