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This chapter delves into the creation and excellence of the Roman Empire, its decline and fall, and the factors contributing to its downfall. It explores the origins of Rome, the Roman Republic, conquests, conflicts, the Pax Romana, the rise of Christianity, and the lasting legacy of Rome.
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CHAPTER 5 • ROMAN CIVILIZATION • THE ROMAN WORLD • 509 B.C.E. to 568 C.E.
Questions to Ponder: • How was this great empire created? • In what did the excellence of Roman imperial government consist? • If the Roman achievement was so significant, why did Rome decline and fall? • What did the Roman Empire fail to offer its people?
Early Italy and the Origins of Rome • Geography and the Early Settlers of Italy • Rome’s Origins • The Roman Monarchy, 753-509 B.C.E
The Republic and The Roman Conquest of Italy • 509-133 B.C.E • Establishment of the Republic • Struggle for Equal Rights • Society and Religion • The Conquest of Italy • Expansion in Italy
The Republic and The Roman Conquest of Italy • Treatment of Conquered Peoples • The First Punic War • The Contests with Hannibal • Roman Intervention in the East • Rome, Supreme in the Mediterranean World
The Late Republic: Conflict and Crisis • Effects of Roman Expansion • Reform Movement of the Gracchi • The First Civil War: Marius Versus Sulla • The Second Civil War: Pompey Versus Caesar • The Third Civil War: Antony Versus Octavian
The Roman Empire and the Pax Romana • 30 B.C.E - 568 B.C.E • Reconstruction Under Augustus • The Julio-Claudian and Flavian Emperors • The Antonines: “Five Good Emperors” • The Pax Romana
The Roman Empire and the Pax Romana • Economic Prosperity • Early Evidence of Economic Stagnation • Rome, Imperial Capital • Social Life
Judaism Within the Roman World • Development of Jewish Religious Thought
The Rise and Triumph of Christianity • The Life and Teaching of Jesus • The Destruction of Jerusalem in 70 C.E. • The Work of Paul • Reasons for the Spread of Christianity
The Rise and Triumph of Christianity • Persecution of Christians • Church Organization • Foundations of Christian Doctrine and Worship • The Regular Clergy
The Legacy of Rome • The Roman Spirit • Evolution of Roman Law • Roman Engineering and Architecture • Sculpture and Painting • Literary Rome
The Legacy of Rome • The Golden and Silver Ages of Latin Literature • The Writing of History • Religion and Philosophy • Science in the Roman Empire
Fatal Flaw • For all its integrity and enlightenment, it could not win loyalty and active support from its people.
YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND • The different peoples that came into the Italian peninsula and their influence on Rome. • The steps by which the ordinary people gained political rights and power. • Specifically how and when Rome built its empire.
YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND • The civil wars of the late Empire. • The benefits of the Roman peace, the Pax Romana. • The economic, social, political, and military factors that contributed to the decline of Roman power.