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Chapter 2: Getting Started

Chapter 2: Getting Started. Logon to Logout. In this chapter …. Logging on The Shell Superuser Getting Help Logging off. How do I start?. Console vs. terminal vs. terminal emulator Text-based vs. graphical Where’s the box at?. Consoles and terminals.

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Chapter 2: Getting Started

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  1. Chapter 2:Getting Started Logon to Logout

  2. In this chapter … • Logging on • The Shell • Superuser • Getting Help • Logging off

  3. How do I start? • Console vs. terminal vs. terminal emulator • Text-based vs. graphical • Where’s the box at?

  4. Consoles and terminals • Monitor, keyboard (and maybe mouse) attached to the box • The console often locked away in a closet or server farm somewhere • Terminals usually found in mainframe environment • Recently ‘thin clients’ gaining popularity again

  5. Terminal Emulation • Using a separate system, connect a virtual terminal to the server • telnet, ssh, X Windows • Most common way to interact with a Linux/UNIX machine

  6. From Windows environment • telnet built in, but insecure (cleartext passwords) • For ssh, need a supported terminal emulator • PuTTY, TeraTerm Pro, SecureCRT • For remote X Windows, need a local X Server running • cygwin, XWin-32, Exceed, Xming

  7. Here at Solano College • Our server is racked in the campus MDF • RedHat Enterprise Linux 5 virtualized on Vmware ESX • We’ll use PuTTY and cygwin

  8. Logging on • Your username will be your My.Solano username • Your password is by default set to your SCC ID, all 9 digits (pad front with zeroes) • *Remember* Linux/Unix is case sensitive

  9. Change your password first • To secure your account, change your password immediately • Type passwd and hit enter • You will be prompted to enter your current password • You will be prompted twice for a nice password • Must be a good password!

  10. What Makes a Good Password? • At least 6 characters long (8+ is even better) • Not be a dictionary word in any language (including Klingon!) • Not a name, place or date of personal significance • Contains mixed case, numbers, and special characters

  11. Do It Right! • bfd BAD PASSWORD: it’s WAY too short • bfd*2  BAD PASSWORD: it is too short • 123454321  BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic • shutup! BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word

  12. The Shell • Command interpreter • Translates commands issued by user into commands sent to the kernel • Common shells: bash, tcsh, csh, zsh, ksh • Linux default is bash (Bourne Again Shell)

  13. What shell am I running? • Type ps right after logging on • finger yourself

  14. Correcting errors • Erase a character: BACKSPACE, DEL or CTRL-H • Erase a word: CTRL-W • Erase a line (line kill): CTRL-U or CTRL-X

  15. Other key commands • Terminate (interrupt key): CTRL-C • Suspend job: CTRL-Z • Show jobs: jobs • Stop job: kill –KILL %job_no • Command history: UP and DOWN

  16. Administrative privileges • root or superuser • Full read/write access to filesystem • Can execute privileged commands and programs • Use sparingly and with extreme caution

  17. Getting help • Most GNU commands and utilities have built in help and usage information • --help (sometimes -h or -help) • Too much information? Pipe results to less or more • ls --help | less

  18. man Pages • man program_name • Displays online documentation, formatted with a pager • SPACE to advance, q to quit • Depending on the system sometimes you can also use PAGE UP/DOWN

  19. man Pages con’t • Divided into ten sections based on type • User commands in section 1 • To view a command’s man page in a particular section: • man 8 su

  20. info • info program_name • GNU online documentation • SPACE to scroll • ENTER to select a subtopic • q to quit

  21. At the end of the day • To log out, press CTRL-D or type exit • If you have suspended jobs it will warn you before you log out

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