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LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensory Networks

By Stephanie Reese. LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensory Networks. An Introduction…. LEACH stands for Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy This WSN is considered to be a dynamic clustering method LEACH has two phases. The Problem.

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LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensory Networks

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  1. By Stephanie Reese LEACH Protocolfor Wireless Sensory Networks

  2. An Introduction… • LEACH stands for Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy • This WSN is considered to be a dynamic clustering method • LEACH has two phases

  3. The Problem • The reason we need network protocol such as LEACH is due to the fact that a node in the network is no longer useful when its battery dies • This protocol allows us to space out the lifespan of the nodes, allowing it to do only the minimum work it needs to transmit data

  4. The Cluster-Head • The LEACH Network is made up of nodes, some of which are called cluster-heads • The job of the cluster-head is to collect data from their surrounding nodes and pass it on to the base station • LEACH is dynamic because the job of cluster-head rotates

  5. Direct v. Minimum Transmission • The amount of energy used in figure (a) can be modeled by this formula: • eampk(3d1 + d2)2 • Whereas the amount of energy used in figure (b) uses this formula: • eampk(3d12 + d22)

  6. The Amount of Energy Depletion • This is the formula for the amount of energy depletion by data transfer:

  7. LEACH’s Two Phases • The LEACH network has two phases: the set-up phase and the steady-state • The Set-Up Phase • Where cluster-heads are chosen • The Steady-State • The cluster-head is maintained • When data is transmitted between nodes

  8. Stochastic Threshold Algorithm • Cluster-heads can be chosen stochastically (randomly based) on this algorithm: • If n < T(n), then that node becomes a cluster-head • The algorithm is designed so that each node becomes a cluster-head at least once

  9. Deterministic Threshold Algorithm • A modified version of this protocol is known as LEACH-C (or LEACH Centralized) • This version has a deterministic threshold algorithm, which takes into account the amount of energy in the node…

  10. Deterministic Threshold Algorithm • …and/or whether or not the node was recently a cluster-head

  11. What’s the Difference? • REMEMBER: The goal of these protocol is to increase the life of the network • The changes between the LEACH stochastic algorithm and the LEACH-C deterministic algorithm alone is proven to increase the FND (First Node Dies) lifetime by 30% and the HND (Half Node Dies) lifetime by 20%

  12. An Example of a LEACH Network • While neither of these diagrams is the optimum scenario, the second is better because the cluster-heads are spaced out and the network is more properly sectioned

  13. Bibliography • “Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy with Deterministic Cluster-Head Selection”; M.J. Handy, M. Haas, D. Timmermann; 2002; http://www.vs.inf.ethz.ch/publ/se/IEEE_MWCN2002.pdf • “Probabilistic Modeling of Leach Protocol and Computing Sensor Energy Consumption Rate in Sensor Networks”; Song, Dezhen; February 22, 2005; http://www.cs.tamu.edu/academics/tr/tamu-cs-tr-2005-2-2

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