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The importance of foreign intervention

The Unification of Italy. The importance of foreign intervention. What part did Austria play?. Metternich ’ s forces frustrated the efforts of the Carbonari in the 1820s and 1830s Austrian troops helped Ferdinand II regain his position in 1849

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The importance of foreign intervention

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  1. The Unification of Italy The importance of foreign intervention

  2. What part did Austria play? • Metternich’s forces frustrated the efforts of the Carbonari in the 1820s and 1830s • Austrian troops helped Ferdinand II regain his position in 1849 • The Austrians defeated Piedmont’s Charles Albert and re-established Austria’s control

  3. What part did Austria play? • Clearly Austria hindered Italian unity • 1815-48 Metternich worked hard to suppress nationalist and liberal movements • Austrian troops controlled Lombardy & Venetia • Austrian troops supported King of the 2 Sicilies, the Pope, and the 3 Duchies

  4. What part did France play? • In 1849 French troops defeated the Roman Republic • 1858 Napoleon III agreed at Plombieres to help Piedmont drive Austrians out of Lombardy and Venetia • 1859 2 French victories followed by peace at Villafranca • Gains made by Piedmont

  5. France and Italian Unification • After a short period when the French had given considerable help to the Risorgimento Napoleon III now turned against Italy • He tried to use diplomatic pressure to halt Garibaldi’s progress • French troops remained in Rome until 1870 • How important was the French contribution?

  6. Did Britain do much to help? • Strong public opinion in favour of Italy • Many politicians sympathetic • Lord John Russell suggested in 1860 that future of Italy should be decided by self-determination • Royal Navy protected Garibaldi’s crossing to mainland from Sicily

  7. How much help did Prussia give? • Help from Prussia (Germany after 1870) was indirect but crucial • Deal made with Austria & France in 1866 – Italy in win/win situation! • Outbreak of war between France and Prussia in 1870 saw withdrawal of French troops from Rome • To what extent was Italy united by Italians?

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