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This article discusses service-oriented application integration, including the sharing of common application services and information, the infrastructure required, web services, their description and discovery, and the benefits and challenges of application integration.
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Service-Oriented Application Integration • Enterprises share common application services and information • Define application services they can share • Provide infrastructure for application service sharing • Examples: • Sharing common logic to process customers’ credit • Calculate shipping costs
Service-Oriented Application Integration • Built on multitier client/server architecture • Set of shared services on a common server • Services may be reused • Originally created for a single-organization use • Allows for loosely coupled applications
Service-Oriented Application Integration • Requires changes to most enterprise and B2B applications to take advantage • Expensive proposition • Concern about creating applications that share services not under direct control
Service-Oriented Application Integration • Web Services • Ability to access remote application services through a well-defined interface, directory, and transport protocol • Web Services Description Language (WSDL) • Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) • Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
Web Services Description Language (WSDL) • Provides a standard on interfaces between client and server • Defines an XML grammar to describe network services • Recipe to automate the way applications communicate
Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) • Set of databases where businesses register their Web services • Allows other organizations to find Web service • Understand how to access service programmatically • Understand the interfaces employed
Web Services • Locate the service using UDDI • Determine the interface definition using WSDL • Application services exposed by a company that are discoverable and accessible by other organizations • Example: reserving a flight, calculating tariffs • Discrete business services • Value to many organizations
Web Services • Web services tend to be created in a series of small, low risk steps • Combine information and applications that exist in local and remote information systems • Redundant application services at two or more systems • New application need
Web Services • Event-driven Web Services – architecture that deals more with information movement than application service aggregation • EX: moving order information from system to system and company to company to support purchase of a car
Web Services • Composite-application Solutions – architecture that requires many application services to aggregate into a single instance of an application
Web Services • Autonomous-distributed Solutions – architectures where Web services are tightly coupled, appear as a single application • Very future architecture
Web Services • Missing Pieces • No mechanism to leverage user interfaces • Lack support for authentication, encryption and access control • Lack ability to authenticate publishers or consumers of services
Application Integration • Rule • Agreed-upon set of conditions • Example: employees may not fly first class on flights of less than 5,000 miles • Rules are built into applications to control information flow • Rules can control the flow of information between enterprises
Application Integration • Logic • Sequence of instructions in a program • Example: when button is pressed, pop up this screen • Logic tends to be generated differently by different programmers, i.e., form of art • Sequential processing • Selection • Iteration
Application Integration • Data • Information that is shared between applications, computers, or humans • Objects • Data and business services bound as objects
Amazon.com • Books? • CD’s • Technology Company?
Amazon.com • Amazon Web Services • Patented one-click purchasing system • Tap quickly into sales data for particular products • Merchants & developers can get free access to services • Can use services from any outpost on the Web
Amazon.com • May sell wares to 37 million customers assembled at Amazon.com • Amazon takes a commission of 15% • Is Amazon an on-line mall? • Some of the retailers that use its e-commerce system • Lands’ End • Circuit City Store • Target Corp • Toys ‘R’ Us