Latin America & revolutions

1. Latin America & revolutions

2. The Mayans lived in what are now Southeastern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. City of Tikal Temples Writing calendars Mayans-

3. Central Mexico Ruled empire – Teotihuacan (400,000 People) Montezuma Conquistadors-Cortez - 1519 "His view on the indigenous people was similar to the majority of Europeans of that day — they were inferior culturally, technologically, and religiously," said Cosme. aztecs

4. Mountain empire (geography, infrastructure) Conquistadors- Pizarro inca

5. Spanish conquerors Forced conversions Small pox Conquistadors

7. Encomienda System

8. Document 1 … The West Indian experience from the time of Columbus’ first voyage was one of Indian labor for Spanish masters. When this labor was not given “voluntarily” it was extracted by force. As Spaniards arrived in increasing numbers, the need for labor became more pressing, and the burden upon Indian manpower progressively more severe. Spaniards raided Indian communities, took captives, and, in order to prevent escape or to ensure the full measure of work, practiced large-scale enslavement. Columbus, at first, appears to have made some attempt to regulate this forced labor, but without appreciable [noticeable] success. In general the first Spanish contacts with the natives of America followed the precedent of European contact with the natives of Africa, and the practicality and legitimacy of enslavement were everywhere assumed.… According to Charles Gibson, what was one problem faced by the West Indian native population during Spanish colonization? [1] REGENts DBQ

9. Fought against enslavement of Native Americans Slave Trade Padre de las Casas

10. Influenced by the French Revolution, American Revolution & the Enlightenment Latin American revolutions

11. Saint Domingue – 1st colony to free itself 1791 - 100,000 slaves revolted ToussantL’Oveture – Took control of the island and freed all slaves 1801 – Independent country of Haiti Revolution in Haiti

12. 1811 - Simon Bolivar lead Venezuela to independence Jose de San Martin Liberator of Argentina, Chile, and Peru Worked together to secure the future of Latin America Revolution

13. Peasant revolution 1810 - Father Hidalgo (Grito de Dolores) Cry for Rebellion Revolution of 1910-20 1811 – Father Jose Morelos fights for revolution 1821 – Independence mexico

14. Bloodless Revolution – 1822 Brazil

16. Military juntas ruled (Military Dictatorship) What happened after the revolutions?

17. 1976 to 1983 - During the “Dirty War” in Argentina, the military government abducted, tortured all political opponents of the regime. 1977 a group of mothers began to meet each Thursday in the large Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires, the site of Argentina’s government. There they walked in non-violent demonstrations. As they walked they chanted: “We want our children; we want them to tell us where they are.” The mothers nonviolent expression of truth to power eventually drew international attention. Madres organizations which used similar non-violent techniques to speak truth to power were formed in other authoritarian countries which also “disappeared” citizens, such as Bolivia, Brazil, Chile Paraguay and Uruguay in the mid-1970s. Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo

18. Slow steps toward democracy/reform “Latin America today is radically different from what it was only three and a half decades ago. Despite all of its faults, democracy is the most common type of government practiced in the region.” Movement toward democracy

19. The Enlightenment and the American Revolution were both major influences on 19th century uprisings in (1) Latin America (2) the Middle East (3) Vietnam (4) Japan

20. One similarity in the actions of Simón Bolívar and Napoleon Bonaparte is that both leaders (1) encouraged nationalism (2) relied on diplomatic negotiations (3) established a representative form of government (4) rebelled against imperialism

21. Which continent’s economic and political development has been influenced by the Andes Mountains and the Amazon River? (1) Asia (2) Africa (3) Europe (4) South America

22. people or their representatives, and you will have taken a great step toward national happiness. No matter what citizen occupies this office, he will be aided by the Constitution, and therein being authorized to do good, he can do no harm, because hisministerswill cooperate with him only insofar as he abides by the law. If he attempts to infringe upon the law, his own ministers will desert him, thereby isolating him from the Republic, and they will even bring charges against him in the Senate. The ministers,beingresponsible for any transgressions committed, will actually govern, since they must account for their actions. . . .” — Simón Bolívar, 1819 In this passage, which type of government is Simón Bolívar proposing for Venezuela? (1) theocracy (2) monarchy (3) democracy (4) dictatorship

23. The American and French Revolutions were turning points in global history because the results of these revolutions (1) led to the abolition of slavery (2) inspired other peoples seeking democracy and independence (3) marked the end of European influence in the Western Hemisphere (4) demonstrated the need for strong international peacekeeping organizations