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Communicable Disease

Communicable Disease. Infectious disease resulting form foreign organisms (pathogens) invading the body and multiplying there. Contagious : Acquired through direct contact / indirect contact Vector : Acquired through an intermediate hosts e.g. mosquito. Communicable Disease. Bacteria

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Communicable Disease

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  1. Communicable Disease

  2. Infectious disease resulting form foreign organisms (pathogens) invading the body and multiplying there. • Contagious: Acquired through directcontact / indirect contact Vector: Acquired through an intermediate hosts e.g. mosquito Communicable Disease

  3. Bacteria • All unicellular, microscopic • Classified by shape • Cocci: spherical shapen (single, pair –diplo, cluster – staphylo, chain – strepto) • Bacilli: rod shaped, flagella – motile • Spirochaetes: highly coiled • Spirilla: coiled • Vibrios: curved rod, ‘comma’ shaped Communicable Disease

  4. Bacteria cont. • Contains DNA but no nucleus / nuclear membrane • Generally contains a cell wall and a cell membrane (sometimes an outer ‘slime’ layer) • Reproduce by simple fission • Some can form spores (resistant coat – protection) • Often disease is a result of toxins produced by bacteria. E.g tetanus, bubonic plague Communicable Disease

  5. Viruses • Too small to be seen with a light microscope • Contains genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a coat of protein • Cannot be cultured but only grow inside a living cell • Alter cells DNA, cause cell to create new virus particles • Cells often can’t function or function improperly • Some infect bacteria (bacteriophages) e.g. chickenpox, AIDS, Measles, Colds Communicable Disease

  6. Fungi • relatively insignificant • generally cause of skin disease. E.g thrush, tinea Animal Parasites • Organisms which gain food or/and shelter from another organism • Ectoparasite: surface (fleas, lice) • Endoparasite: internal (worms, protozoan) • E.g malaria, tapeworms, threadworms, lice Communicable Disease

  7. Communication of Disease Contact • Direct or Indirect Droplets • Tiny droplets of moisture  breathing, talking, sneezing, coughing • Transport in air or settle on objects Airborne • Moisture exhaled but evaporates, pathogen • still active in air Vectors • Via other animals Ingestion Communicable Disease

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