Cause and Effect

1. Cause and Effect

2. Tennessee State Standard • 501.5.2 Identify stated or implied cause and effect relationships in text.

3. Essential Question • How do I identify and distinguish between implied and stated cause and effect relationships within text?

4. Activator • With your NHP, you will play the ‘Cause and Effect Matching Game’. • In your baggie or envelope, match up each cause (c card) with an effect (e card).

5. Graphic Organizer

6. Vocabulary • cause • effect • relationship • distinguish • text • stated • implied

7. Vocabulary • cause something that makes something else happen; a cause is before the effect • effect what happens because of the cause; it happens after the cause • relationship the way in which two or more concepts, objects, or people are connected

8. Add Definitions

9. Let’s Think About This… • Can you explain the relationship between cause and effect?

10. Vocabulary • distinguish recognize or treat (someone or something) as different; become aware or point out a difference • text a book or other written or printed work • stated when the cause and effect is ‘directly said’ • implied when the cause and effect causes you to ‘read between the lines’ to figure it out

11. Examples of Cause

12. Examples of Effect

13. Try This One • It rained, and I got wet. • What is the cause? • ‘it rained’ • What is the effect? • ‘I got wet’

14. And This One • I had to wear my boots because there were puddles on the ground. • What is the cause? • ‘puddles on the ground’ • What is the effect? • ‘I had to wear my boots’

15. Stated or Implied? • Cause/effect statements are stated or implied. • Stated: when the cause/effect is ‘directly said’ • Implied: when the cause/effect causes you to ‘read between the lines’ to figure it out

16. Stated or Implied? Are the following cause and effect statements stated or implied? • It rained, and I got wet. • Cause: it rained • Effect: I got wet • Stated/Implied: Both are stated

17. Stated or Implied? Two of the Miami Dolphins’ top receivers were unable to play in a district championship game due to injuries. Not surprisingly, the Dolphins lost the game. • Cause: Top receivers injured and unable to play • Effect: Dolphins lost the game • Stated/Implied: Both are stated

18. Stated or Implied? When water reaches 32 degrees Fahrenheit, it freezes. • Cause: Water reaches 32 degrees • Effect: Water freezes • Stated/Implied: Both are stated

19. Stated or Implied? Pamela reduced her caloric intake by eliminating fast food from her diet. After three months, she had lost 12 pounds. • Cause: Pamela needs to lose weight • Effect: She dieted and lost weight • Stated/Implied: The cause is implied and the effect is stated

20. Let’s Think About This… • Based on what you know, how would you explain…… ??

21. Create Your Own

22. Assessment Prompt • 1s share your own cause and effect example from the graphic organizer and tell 2s if the cause and effect is stated or implied.

23. Your Poor Friend…

24. Signal Words • Sometimes signal words, or clues, are left within a text to show the sentence structure is cause and effect. • There are signal words for cause • There are signal words for effect

25. Signal Words for Cause Look for signal words to help recognize the cause: • because • as • bring about • given that • since • as a result • on account of • while • whereas • for this reason • led to • due to • is caused by • contributed to • created by

26. Signal Words for Effect Look for signal words to help recognize the effect: • as a result • therefore • then • after • consequently • for this reason • effect • hence • outcome • thus • subsequently • so • finally • accordingly

27. Examples Using Signal Words • Because the boys were always boxing and needed a referee, the teacher was called in to act as judge and see that the rules were followed. • If Jenny does her homework, then she can go to the basketball game.

28. Examples Using Signal Words • Ducks dive under the water for food, but they need to come up to the top for air; therefore, they surface when they need to breathe. • Since the clock was slow and Jim needed to advance the minute hand, he moved it forward seven minutes.

29. Assessment Prompt • Think-Pair-Write • Work with your NHP to develop an original cause and effect statement using a signal word. Write the cause and effect statement on the very bottom your graphic organizer.

30. Complete GO

31. Assessment Prompt • On your index card or piece of paper, complete the cause and effect statement: It was snowing so hard outside…

32. Examples in Literature • Read ‘The Day Jimmy’s Boa Ate the Wash’ by Trinka Hakes Noble with pictures by Steven Kellogg

33. 4 Part Foldable • Identify four events from the story and determine the cause and effect for each event. Record on the foldable. Determine if the cause and effect is stated or implied.

34. Summarizer • Looking at the last page of the story, write your own cause and effect statement to fit the context and flow of the story. Tell whether the cause and effect is stated or implied. • Write the cause and effect statement in your reading journal or daybook below your foldable from the story.

35. Extra Practice Slides Follow

36. Summarizer- Statements • Jessica’s parents sold her drum set because it was responsible for more noise than they could bear. • Brandon left his towel on the beach, so a helpful lifeguard took him to the lost and found. • Hundreds of hikers were stranded in an early season snowstorm, consequently National Park rangers had to work many hours of overtime in rescue efforts.

37. Summarizer- Statements • The students snickered when Mike entered the room since his clothes were not properly zipped. • Several mice had escaped from the science lab; consequently the seventh graders were doing most of their studying time sitting on tabletops. • As a result of seeing Miss Benson’s purple-streaked hair, the class gulped audibly. • Rosa bought a skateboard, for this reason her bank account is empty.

38. Summarizer- Statements • The principal started interrogating the students since she found the flag in the locker room and the volleyball uniforms flying from the flagpole. • Lisa got a poor grade because she didn’t do her homework. • In spite of the howling storm, Tom was warm and cozy in his tent because a bear had snuggled up next to him.

39. Summarizer- Statement Answers • Jessica’s parents sold her drum set because it was responsible for more noise than they could bear. • Brandon left his towel on the beach, so a helpful lifeguard took him to the lost and found. • Hundreds of hikers were stranded in an early season snowstorm, consequently National Park rangers had to work many hours of overtime in rescue efforts. Cause Cause Cause

40. Summarizer- Statement Answers • The students snickered when Mike entered the room since his clothes were not properly zipped. • Several mice had escaped from the science lab; consequently the seventh graders were doing most of their studying time sitting on tabletops. • As a result of seeing Miss Benson’s purple-streaked hair, the class gulped audibly. • Rosa bought a skateboard, for this reason her bank account is empty. Cause Effect Effect Cause

41. Summarizer- Statement Answers • The principal started interrogating the students since she found the flag in the locker room and the volleyball uniforms flying from the flagpole. • Lisa got a poor grade because she didn’t do her homework. • In spite of the howling storm, Tom was warm and cozy in his tent because a bear had snuggled up next to him. Effect Cause Effect