Civil War

1. Civil War And how it affected Georgia

2. Do now – Wednesday, January 6th • How did the north and south differ in the antebellum era? • Once you are done, be sure you have a highlighter. If you do not, borrow one from a classmate. • Remember, you must KEEP TRACK of your Do Nows!

3. Today’s Lesson

4. Three Fronts • East of the Mississippi • West of the Mississippi • Sea

5. Anaconda Plan • Created by Union General Winfield Scott • Blockade all southern ports • Take control of the Mississippi River • Capture the Confederate capital Richmond, VA.

6. Washington, D.C. July 26, 1861 My Dear, Dear Mother: I scarcely know how to begin this sad, sad letter. You must have heard of the terrible loss which has befallen us before now. I will give you the particulars as nearly as I remember them. We left Manassas Junction on Sunday morning about 4 o’clock and marched about ten miles, where we could see the enemy’s battery. After we had been there about fifteen minutes, we were ordered to the front to support General Bee. We gained a small piece of woods, when I left the left of the company and advanced in front, discharged my gun and loaded, when I thought I would look behind me to see if any of my company had fallen. But, Mother, just think of my horror to see John, dear John, reel and fall. I dropped my gun and ran to him. I got there just after Dr. West, who dear John asked whether there was any chance or not. When told he must die, he replied, Very well, he would die like a soldier and a man. With the assistance of friends, I carried him to the rear of the regiment, when, at my request, all my friends left me but Mr. Lewis Eastmead, who refused to go. My poor Brother lived about three-quarters [of] an hour. He was perfectly sensible about half the time. He died in my arms. His last words were about you and Hamilton. I cannot write any more now, as I was taken prisoner, standing by his body, and am now in Washington City. Please have my watch sold and send me $50. I hope to be exchanged in a short time. And now, dear Mother, do for my sake try and bear our terrible loss as well as you can. Remember that he is in a better world.   Your affectionate Son. Sanford

7. Warm Up – Wednesday, January 18th • What was the name of the North’s strategy for winning the Civil War? • What were the three parts of that plan? • What was the South's strategy for winning the Civil War? • Who was the president of the Union? • Who was the president of the Confederate States of America?

8. Advantages and Disadvantages • Was it the Confederacy (south) or the Union (north)? • Stronger military • Home advantage • Money • Railroads • Military officers • Skilled soldiers • Factories/Industrial power • Fighting in unfamiliar territory • Weak government • No navy • Superior leadership • Larger population

9. Advantages and Disadvantages

12. Battle of Antietam 1862 Unidentified dead cornfield Resulted in Emancipation Proclamation Bloody Lane More motivation Union won…kind of 23,000 casualties Photography in newspaper cornfield

13. Battle of Antietam

14. Battle of Antietam

15. Antietam Writing Assignment • Choose a perspective: • Northern soldier • Southern soldier • Citizen of Sharpsburg • Family member of a soldier • Reporter • President Lincoln • President Davis • Write a letter (or an article if you chose reporter) to a family member about your experience of this battle. • Remember: This was the bloodiest one-day battle of the war, half the soldiers remain unidentified, and this was one of the first battles that had photographic evidence. ***Make sure your letter makes sense for the time period (1862)

16. Warm Up – Monday, January 23rd, 2017 • Warm Up • 1. Where did the Battle of Antietam take place? What is significant about where it took place? • 2. Give two reasons why the Battle of Antietam was important to the Civil War.

17. Turning Points

18. Battle of Vicksburg

19. Battle of Gettysburg

20. Warm Up – Tuesday, January 24th , 2017 • Name the three parts of the Anaconda plan. • Which Civil War battle was considered a “turning point” in the war? • Which Civil War battle was the bloodiest 1-day battle in the war? • Which Civil War battle resulted in the Union controlling the Mississippi River? • Which Civil War battle resulted in Lincoln issuing the Emancipation Proclamation?

21. Today’s Agenda

22. Questions • What does “Four score and seven years ago” mean? • What is Lincoln referring to in this first sentence?  • What is the purpose of the address that Lincoln is giving? • Why does Lincoln say that “we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground?” • What then can we do? What does Lincoln say is the task “for us the living?” Why? • What was “that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion?” • Do you think all of the soldiers who died fighting at Gettysburg were fighting for the same cause? Why or why not? • In the last clause, what is meant by government “of the people, by the people, for the people”?

23. Summary statement • Georgia became more industrial to support war efforts. The economy and lifestyle of the south suffered. Women began to play new roles in the workforce.

24. Do now – Friday, January 8th • Come in quietly and complete your open notes quiz. • You may not ask others for notes. • If you were absent one day, please see me for the necessary materials. • Your ability to do this quietly will affect today’s Do Now grade.

25. Emancipation Proclamation Quotes • By the President of the United States of America:A Proclamation."The people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free" "The Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.""Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion"And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free"President: ABRAHAM LINCOLN WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.

26. Emancipation Proclamation • Emancipation Proclamation 1863 freed slaves in all states rebelling against the United States. • Why Lincoln did it: • It would hurt the South economically • It would help influence the British to favor the North because they opposed slavery. • Invited black men to serve in the Union army. • When the south refused to obey, the focus of the Civil War shifted to freeing an entire group of people.

27. Do now – Monday, January 11th • How were the Battle of Antietam and the Emancipation Proclamation connected to each other? (If you don’t remember, think about why Lincoln might have waited until this point in the war—two years in—to issue the Emancipation.) • Remember, keep all do nows. Do not throw them away.

28. Battle of Gettysburg • Came after a number of Union losses. The Union soldiers were losing morale. • July 1-3, 1863: Confederate General Robert E. Lee fought to hold on to the small town of Gettysburg, PA. • The larger Union army overwhelmed his troops and won the battle. • Casualties: the count of killed, wounded, or missing • North (Union): 23,000 • South (Confederacy): 28,000 • Total Dead: 7,058

29. Gettysburg address • Delivered in November 1863 at a ceremony to dedicate the battlefield to the dead. • Considered one of the most famous and inspiring speeches in American history. • The northern victory at Gettysburg (and also earlier that year in Vicksburg) marked the turning point in the war.

30. Battle of Vicksburg • Importance: the north takes control of the Mississippi River, which was initially a part of Lincoln’s Anaconda plan.

31. H I J C G A F D E B

32. Georgia in the Civil War • Began growing food crops instead of cotton • Increased manufacturing • Use of Blockade runners: fast steam boats that would try to outrun Union ships in order to get supplies

33. Fort Pulaski • The south controlled Fort Pulaski in the barrier islands, which allowed blockade runners to get through easily. • When the north defeated southern troops at this fort, the port of Savannah was completely blockaded. • Southerners could no longer sneak in supplies

34. Cities and their workforces • Savannah and Augusta became important industrial cities to help manufacture supplies for the war. • Women and African Americans formed part of the work force because so many men were off fighting.

35. Atlanta’s role in the war • Atlanta became an important transport center • Railroads met in Atlanta from all directions • Goods for the armies were stored in Atlanta, making it an easy target for the Union army later.

36. Economy of the War • State governments did NOT collect property taxes, which means the states were not making money • Blockade affected exports, which led to bread riots, lack of clothes and supplies

37. Battle of Chickamauga

38. Chickamauga • The northern army was aiming to win the south. • It captured Chattanooga, and important city in Tennessee. Next up was Chickamauga. • Chickamauga was just 10 miles south of the TN/GA line. • If the north captures Chickamauga, it is one step closer to capturing one of the South's most important cities: Atlanta.

39. Chickamauga • The south was able to surprise the north and win Chickamauga. • Chickamauga is significant for two reasons: • Largest Union defeat in this area (second bloodiest battle) • The north retreated back to Chattanooga and readied itself for General Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign

40. Battle of Chickamauga

41. Battle of Chickamauga

42. Disaster of Chickamauga "I believed then, and I believe now, that (Union) General Rosecrans could have put the Army of the Cumberland into Chattanooga by the evening of September 10th, 1863, without the loss of a man or a wheel," Atkins said. That could have prevented the Union's loss at the Battle of Chickamauga and subsequent Union victories at Orchard Knob, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge to retake the city. Atkins argued: "The battle of Chickamauga was a useless battle, the broken and shattered Army of the Cumberland driven from the field and cooped up and nearly starved to death in Chattanooga, that Rosecrans was in full possession of on September 9th, 1863, and which might have been held by him with his full army intact, with abundant force to protect his line of supplies, and where he never could have been or would have been assaulted by the Confederate army." The second day of Chickamauga was a disaster for Rosecrans, who ordered troops to fill what he wrongly thought was a gap in the Union line that instead left a gaping hole elsewhere in the line. Confederate troops under the command of Lt. Gen. James Longstreet poured through and drove off a third of the Union Army, including Rosecrans himself. The Army of the Cumberland was shattered, retreated to Chattanooga and was besieged. Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant arrived in Chattanooga on Oct. 23. He replaced Rosecrans with Maj. Gen. George Thomas. The Confederacy made mistakes, too. Bragg passed up a chance to smash the Union forces retreating from Chickamauga and, instead, let them retreat to Chattanooga. By some accounts, Bragg didn't feel his forces were properly organized to pursue the Union troops. Legendary Brig. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, who served under Bragg, felt that every hour's delay let 10,000 Union troops escape. He was enraged by Bragg's failure to give pursuit. Forrest told Bragg: "You have played the part of a damned scoundrel, and are a coward, and if you were any part of a man I would slap your jaws and force you to resent it. You may as well not issue any orders to me, for I will not obey them. … I say to you that if you ever again try to interfere with me or cross my path it will be at the peril of your life."

43. Warm Up – Thursday, January 26th • What were the results of the battle of Chattanooga? • What were the results of the battle of Chickamauga? • When you’re done, review your battle map from yesterday’s notes.

44. H I J C G A F D E B

45. Mini-Project Choice • Timeline • Using a few sheets of computer paper, create an attractive, colorful timeline of the events we’ve covered in the unit. You must include important events and battles, descriptions of those battles, and pictures to go along with them. • Battle Study • Complete further research on one of the events we covered. Create a story board (kind of like a long comic strip) demonstrating the major events and significance of the event. • Biography Book Cover • You will conduct research on someone from the war. This could be a well-known person like Lincoln or Sherman, or you could research a little bit about a soldier who fought in the war. You will create a front cover (title, picture, etc) and a back cover (summary enticing readers to read the biography) for this book. • Board Game • You will create a Civil War board game. It should include relevant events and situations that might happen during this time period. DUE DATE: MONDAY, FEBRUARY 6TH

46. Campaign for Atlanta • After Chattanooga, Lincoln places Ulysses S. Grant in charge of Union troops. • Grant believed in “continuous offense,” he believed the south needed to lose the will to fight. • General Sherman was placed in charge of the invasion of Georgia. • Changes: • battles were lasting longer with little rest; • war was taken to the civilian population • Union soldiers lived off the land and farms of southerners, and therefore did not need supplies Grant Sherman

47. Campaign for Atlanta • Why Atlanta? • Atlanta considered second most important city • Industrial city. • Railroads= movement of troops, food, weapons • Which states suffer when Atlanta railroads get cut off?

48. Campaign for Atlanta • Battle of Kennesaw Mountain was part of Sherman’s Atlanta campaign • The south won, but it did not meet its goal of causing Sherman’s troops to leave Georgia. • Video time!

49. Campaign for Atlanta • In July 1864, Sherman enters Atlanta. Fighting goes on for two months. • Sherman sends his troops to surround the city to destroy roads and railroads to cut the city off from aid. • Southern General Hood finally retreats into Alabama. • Sherman takes Atlanta on September 2nd, 1864.

50. Sherman’s march to the sea • Election of 1864: Lincoln secures victory in second election after Sherman takes Atlanta • Sherman’s new tactic: total war • Union troops destroyed railroads and bridges, ate food from Georgia farms, and burned up the cotton crop.