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Characteristics of Cyclones over North-western Pacific Region

Characteristics of Cyclones over North-western Pacific Region. Yoshio Asuma Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University and Akira Kuwano-Yoshida Earth Simulator Center, JAMSTEC. Deepening Rate  1 Bergeron and Continuing at least 24 hours.

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Characteristics of Cyclones over North-western Pacific Region

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  1. Characteristics of Cyclones over North-western Pacific Region Yoshio Asuma Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University and Akira Kuwano-Yoshida Earth Simulator Center, JAMSTEC

  2. Deepening Rate  1 Bergeron and Continuing at least 24 hours Definition of Explosively Deepening Cyclone(Sanders and Gyakum, 1998) Data Source JMA Global Objectively Analyzed Dataset （GANAL） Analyzed Period October 1, 1994 – March 31, 1999 (5 Cold Seasons) Analyzed Region 20N - 65N, 100E - 180E Slide 1

  3. Explosively Deepening Cyclone Sea of Okhotsk Sea of Japan Northwestern Pacific Ocean Total : 224 cases Formation: over the Land and Ocean Rapid Deepening: Higher Latitude than 35N in Latitude over the Ocean • Three Types of Cyclone: • Okhotsk – Japan Sea • (OJ) Type • Pacific Ocean – Land (PO-L) Type • Pacific Ocean – Ocean (PO-O) Type Slide 2

  4. Explosively Deepening Cyclone Type TOTAL：224 Slide 3

  5. OJ TYPE OJ：42 Rapid Deepening Sea of Japan or Sea of Okhotsk Formation Land PO-L TYPE PO-L：50 Rapid Deepening Northwestern Pacific Ocean Formation Land PO-O TYPE PO-O：110 Rapid Deepening Northwestern Pacific Ocean Formation Ocean Slide 4

  6. Deepening Rate Frequency Distribution Maximum Deepening Rate OJ Type Smallest PO-L Type Medium PO-O Type Largest Slide 5

  7. Monthly Frequency of Explosive Cyclones Seasonal Variation OJ Type Late Fall PO-L Type Early and Late Winter PO-O Type Mid-Winter Slide 6

  8. Cyclone Type OJ Type(Late Fall) Short Wave Upper-level Trough Short Jet Streak Weaker Continental Cold Air Mass Extension PO-L Type(Early and Late Winter) Zonally Stretched Jet Stream (Strong Zonal Wind Component) Medium Continental Cold Air Mass Extension PO-O Type(Mid-Winter) Strong Jet Stream (Larger Poleward Component) Strongest Continental Cold Air Mass Extension Slide 7

  9. Cyclone Type Cold Air Mass over the Continent Upper-level Trough Upper-level Jet ↓ Cyclone Track and Deepening Rate (Cyclone type) Synoptic Environment ↓↑ Cyclone Meso-scale Structure Latent Heat Release Slide 8

  10. OJ TYPE • 00UTC February 27, 1999 (1.84 Bergeron) • PO-L TYPE • 18UTC February 10, 1998 (2.54 Bergeron) • PO-O TYPE • 00UTC December 31, 1997 (2.96 Bergeron) Numerical Studies of Extreme CasesFocused on the Latent Heat Release Slide 9

  11. PSU-NCAR MM5 version 3.6.1 Horizontal Grid • Domain 1 : 200×160 (45 km) • Domain 2 : 301×271 (15 km) Vertical Levels : 23 Sigma level Initial / Boundary Conditions : JMA GANAL Sea Surface Temperature : Reynolds SST Microphysics • Domain 1 : Simple Ice Scheme • (Vapor, Cloud Water, Rain Water, Cloud Ice, Snow) • Domain 2 : Mixed-phase Scheme (+ Supercold Water) Cumulus Parameterization : Grell’s Scheme Calculation was started before 24 hours from the maximum deepening rate and continued for 48 hours. Sensitivity Experiments • CNTL Run : Full Physics • DRY Run : No-latent Heat Release Slide 10

  12. DRY 300hPa Winds PV SLP Rain Water Path Precip. Water CNTL OJ TYPE 300hPa Winds PV SLP Rain Water Path Precip. Water Back Trajectory ended at 850hPa Slide 11

  13. CNTL DRY OJ TYPE Slide 12

  14. DRY 300hPa Winds PV SLP Rain Water Path Precip. Water CNTL PO-L TYPE 300hPa Winds PV SLP Rain Water Path Precip. Water Back Trajectory ended at 850hPa Slide 13

  15. CNTL DRY PO-L TYPE Slide 14

  16. DRY 300hPa Winds PV SLP Rain Water Path Precip. Water CNTL PO-O TYPE 300hPa Winds PV SLP Rain Water Path Precip. Water Back Trajectory ended at 850hPa Slide 15

  17. CNTL DRY PO-O TYPE Slide 16

  18. 1.24 Bergeron 0.72 Bergeron 2.38 Bergeron 0.71 Bergeron 1.55 Bergeron 0.97 Bergeron OJ TYPE PO-L TYPE • CNTL runs show • almost exact cyclone’s • central SLPs (GANAL). • PO-O cyclone shows • the largest difference • between CNTL and DRY • runs. • PO-L cyclone difference • is the next. PO-O TYPE Slide 17

  19. Late Fall Smallest Deepening Rate Short-wave Upper Trough Weaker Continental Cold Air Mass Extension Upper-level Vorticity Advection Early and Late Winter Medium Deepening Rate Zonally Stretched Jet Stream Medium Continental Cold Air Mass Extension Mid-Winter Largest Deepening Rate Strong Jet Stream Large Continental Cold Air Mass Extension Large Latent Heat Release OJ TYPE PO-L TYPE PO-O TYPE Effect of Latent Heat Smallest Medium Largest Release Slide 18

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