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Do Now 01.11.19

On a separate sheet of paper, write everything you know/have learned regarding the picture below. Write as much as you can in the time allotted. Do Now 01.11.19. Immune System. EQ: How do the components of the immune system work together to keep us free from disease?.

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Do Now 01.11.19

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  1. On a separate sheet of paper, write everything you know/have learned regarding the picture below. Write as much as you can in the time allotted. Do Now 01.11.19

  2. Immune System EQ: How do the components of the immune system work together to keep us free from disease?

  3. How far can germs spread?

  4. Germ Theory • Proposes that - small particles, called pathogens or pathogen agents, cause disease. • Previously thought it was evil spirts. • Pathogen examples: Viruses Bacteria Parasites Fungi Robert Koch: Given credit for the Germ Theory

  5. Pathogens are spread by: • Direct Contact • Examples: kissing, shaking hands • Indirect Contact • Examples: touching a door handle or inhaling a pathogen

  6. Have you ever heard the story about the germ? …Never mind it will get around. 

  7. The Immune System is: • body system that fights infection and prevents illness

  8. Part of the Immune System • skin: physically blocks pathogens from entering the body, first line of defense • Mucous membrane:in nose and throat; traps particles before they enter • Circulatory system: transports cells of the immune system

  9. Part of the Immune System • Phagocyte: white blood cell that engulf (eats) and destroys pathogens aka macrophage • T cell: destroys infected body cells • Inside the cell • B cell: produces antibodies • Outside the cell

  10. Parts of the Immune System • Antibody: protein that causes pathogens (bacteria) become ineffective (specific) • Immunoglobin- antibody found in the blood • Interferon: protein that stops all viruses from reproducing (nonspecific)

  11. The body has Specific and Nonspecific Immune Responses (mark an N or S in the flow chart) • Skin: Nonspecific • Mucous Membrane: Nonspecific • Circulatory System: Nonspecific • Phagocyte: Specific • T-cell: Specific • B-cell: Specific • Anibody: Specific • Interferon: Nonspecific

  12. Nonspecific Immune responses are: • Those that are the same every time • Not specific to the pathogen,usesmacrophages • Example: Fever or Inflammation

  13. Specific Immunity Response: • Detects Individual Antigens (foreign invaders in body) • Produces Immunity

  14. Includes • Cellular immunity • Uses: T cells • Destroys infected body cells

  15. Includes • Humoral Immunity; • Uses: B cells; • Produces antibodies • Give: Immunity

  16. Both Specific Responses Form.. • Memory Cells

  17. Memory Cells • Cells that will remember the antigen and will notallow it to infect the body a second time • Specific immune response

  18. Immunity • the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells • To be resistant to something due to the body’s response

  19. Active Immunity • Gained after the body comes in contact with a sickness • Your body works for this

  20. Passive Immunity • Passed through genetics or by injection of antibodies • This is givento your body

  21. Both immunities… prevent future illness if the body becomes infected

  22. Methods Used to Control Pathogens: • Antibiotic:destroys bacteria pathogens that have entered the body • Antiseptic:destroys pathogens outside of the body (soap, hand sanitizer) • Vaccine:given to a person to prevent illness

  23. Antibiotics • are medications used to fight infections caused by bacteria • Work by killing bacteria or slowing and suspending its growth • Many forms: • Tablets, capsules, liquids, creams, ointments • Most require prescription from a doctor

  24. Antibiotic Resistance is: • when a population of bacteria or fungi are no longer affected by an antibiotic b/c they have a genetic mutation from the rest of the population

  25. Vaccinations • Provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease by injecting a dead or weakened strain of the disease

  26. Vaccination Process • Stimulates a specific immune response • Causes memory cells to be produced • Allows immune system to respond to an infection without getting sick • Allows for quick response to infection

  27. Measles • Used to paralyze more than 1000 children every day worldwide • Now, almost unheard of thanks to vaccination shots while a baby • A virus that used to kill about 6,000 people in the USA every year • Now, it is very rare thanks to people getting vaccinated

  28. Watch the following video and answer the questions on the back of your worksheet: • how does a vaccine work • why are people not vaccinating their children • why is it best to vaccinate at a younger age • would you vaccinate your children

  29. Word Bank • vaccine • T cells • nonspecific immune • Fever • T cells • immune • inflammation • active • specific immune • B cells • antibodies • Phagocytes • antibiotic • antigens • mucous membranes

  30. Answer Key • nonspecific immune • mucous membranes • fever • inflammation • specific immune • B cells • T cells • Phagocytes • antigens • antibodies • T cells • antibiotic • immune • vaccine • active

  31. Exit Ticket Clear your desks 4 EOC style questions

  32. Question 1 The body uses nonspecific immune responses as the first line of defense when we are exposed to pathogenic or disease causing organisms. Which of the following factors is a nonspecific response? A. Antibodies are produced after an infection. B. Bacterial cell surface proteins start a response. C. Unbroken skin provides a physical barrier. D. Vaccine injections will imitate viral exposure.

  33. Question 2 The immune system has both specific and nonspecific defenses against viral infections. Which statement describes a nonspecific response of the immune system in fighting viral infections? • A. T cells are produced to search out and destroy the virus particles. • B. Memory B cells are activated to rapidly respond to the viral infection. • C. White blood cells quickly multiply and release antibodies that bind to the viruses. • D. Virus-infected cells produce interferons that lead to the inhibition of viral replication (creating more virus).

  34. Question 3 The immune system functions to maintain health. Antibiotics are prescribed under certain conditions where the immune system is overwhelmed. What are antibiotics used for? A. diabetes B. muscle strains C. viral infections D. bacterial infections

  35. Question 4 After an initial infection, B-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response? A. The B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria. B. The B-cells more quickly recognize and respond to any other virus that invades the body. C. The B-cells produce antibodies more quickly if the measles virus is encountered again. D. The B-cells transfer this recognition to T-cells, which will then devour the viruses.

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