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Learn about embedded electronics, including pulse sensors, Kirchhoff's laws, transients, PWM, and more through practical exercises and labs. Contact William Sandqvist for more information.
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IE1206 Embedded Electronics Le1 Le2 PIC-block Documentation, Serial com Pulse sensors I, U, R, P, serial and parallell Le3 Ex1 KC1 LAB1 Pulse sensors, Menu program Start of programing task Kirchhoffs laws Node analysis Two ports R2R AD Ex2 Le4 Two ports, AD, Comparator/Schmitt Ex3 Le5 KC2 LAB2 Transients PWM Le6 Ex4 Le7 KC3 LAB3 Step-up, RC-oscillator Ex5 Phasor j PWM CCP KAP/IND-sensor Le8 Le9 LC-osc, DC-motor, CCP PWM Le11 KC4 LAB4 Ex6 Le10 LP-filter Trafo Display Le12 Ex7 Display of programing task Le13 Written exam Trafo, Ethernet contact William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Closed circuit? discussion. Current can only flow through a circuit on condition there is a closed circuit. Describe in words the action of circuits a) … d) when when you operate the two switches. ( All the circuits are perhaps not as useful … ) William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Series resistors William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Series resistors no current = not included in circuit! William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Series resistors no current = not included in circuit! William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Two resistors in Parallell William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Equivalent resistance (1.2) R1 = 1 R2 = 21 R3 = 42 R4 = 30 RERS = 30//(1+21//42) William Sandqvist william@kth.se
N samevalue in parallell William Sandqvist william@kth.se
OK to move … Redrawn: William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Equivalent resistance (1.6) RTOT = 2+(12//12)//(24//24) // means parallell connection William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Equivalent resistance (1.1) RTOT = 1//(0,5+0,5) +1//(0,5+0,5) =1//1+1//1= 0,5+0,5 = 1 William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Equivalent resistance (1.8) RTOT = (2+20//5)//(20//5+2) William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Potentiometer Appearance at our labs. William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Equivalent resistance (1.10) William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Equivalent resistance (1.10) a) RERS = 10/2 = 5 k William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Equivalent resistance (1.10) a) RERS = 10/2 = 5 k b) RERS = 5/2 + 5/2 = 5 k William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Equivalent resistance (1.10) a) RERS = 10/2 = 5 k b) RERS = 5/2 + 5/2 = 5 k c) RERS = 0 ! William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Voltage divider Voltagedivisionfactor DividedVoltage TotalVoltage According to the voltage divider formula tyou get a divided voltage, for example U1 across the resistor R1, by multiplying the total voltage U with a voltage division factor. This voltage division factor is the resistance R1 divided by the sum of all the resistorss that are in the series connection. William Sandqvist william@kth.se
x x Resistive sensors, rotate and slide resistances RTOT RTOT R = RTOTx R R x relative movement/rotation 0 < x <1 William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Potentiometer with load (1.11) Without RB William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Potentiometer with load (1.11) At x = 0 and x = 1 then U = 0 and U = 5V. At x = 0,5 the load RB draws current from the voltage divider and this ” reduce” U. William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Potentiometer with load ? Would you happen to wish for any of the non-linear relationship that exists in the figure, it costs apparently just an extra resistor R2! William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Seriel circuit (3.1) Determine the current I, its magnitude and direction. William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Serial – parallel circuits (3.4) Calculate the equivalent resistance: RERS = 2//(4//4) = 2//2 = 1 Calculate voltage over the equivalent resistor URERS Calculate current I = ? And voltage U = ? for the serial-parallel circuit in the figure. Current I = URERS/4 = 2/4 = 0,5 A Voltage William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Serial – parallel circuits (3.3) We start by calculating two equivalent resistances: Calculate current I = ? And voltage U = ? for the serial-parallel circuit in the figure. Voltage divider: William Sandqvist william@kth.se
Serial – parallel circuits (3.5) We calculates a equivalent resistance: Calculate current I = ? And voltage U = ? for the serial-parallel circuit in the figure. UR1 = 36 V. UR3 = UR3//4,5 can be calculated by voltage division: U can be calculated by voltage division: William Sandqvist william@kth.se
(3.2) OHM’s law are often enough! a) Calculate the resultant resistance RERS for the three parallel connected branches. b) Culculate current I and voltage U. c) Calculate the three currents I1I2 and I3 together with the voltage U1 over 3 -resistor. William Sandqvist william@kth.se
OHM’s law … William Sandqvist william@kth.se
OHM’s law … RERS William Sandqvist william@kth.se
OHM’s law … RERS William Sandqvist william@kth.se
OHM’s law … RERS William Sandqvist william@kth.se
OHM’s law … William Sandqvist william@kth.se
OHM’s law … William Sandqvist william@kth.se
OHM’s law … William Sandqvist william@kth.se
OHM’s law … William Sandqvist william@kth.se
OHM’s law … OHM’s law was enough! William Sandqvist william@kth.se