Chapter 4 The War for Independence

1. Chapter 4 The War for Independence Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga

2. Chapter 4 Section 3Struggling Toward Saratoga • KEY TERMS • Valley Forge • Trenton • Saratoga • Inflation • Profiteering

3. Chapter 4 Section 3Struggling Toward Saratoga • British decide to stop rebellion by isolating New England • 32,000 British soldiers and Hessians take New York in summer of 1776 • Many colonial troops killed • Washington’s army retreats to Pennsylvania

4. Chapter 4 Section 3Struggling Toward Saratoga • Battle of Trenton • Christmas 1776 • Washington Crosses Delaware River in NJ • Surprises Hessian garrison • Wins Battle of Trenton • Eight days later, Americans win battle of Princeton against British

5. Chapter 4 Section 3Struggling Toward Saratoga • French secretly start sending weapons to Americans (1776) • French recognize American Independence, sign treaty in 1778 vowing no peace until Britain recognizes American Independence

6. Chapter 4 Section 3Struggling Toward Saratoga • Valley Forge • Continental Army of 10,000 camps there during winter of 1777-1778 • During this time more than 2,000 die of cold and hunger • Situation desperate

7. Chapter 4 Section 3Struggling Toward Saratoga • Need for Money • Congress sells BONDS to investors & foreign governments • Prints paper money called “Continentals” • Inflation (rising prices for goods) • Some Officials engage in “Profiteering” by selling scarce items for extreme profit – Price gouging • Two patriots Morris & Salomon use own credit to borrow money to pay army

8. Chapter 4 Section 3Struggling Toward Saratoga • Civilians at War • Husbands fight, women manage homes & businesses • Many women cook, wash, mend clothing, provide medical care to troops • Some women fight • Thousands of African American Slaves escape to cities, frontier • Approx 5,000 African Americans serve in Continental Army