Enhancing Trade Opportunities for A Sustainable Future

1. Trade Stage 5 - GTANSW Ian Sanders Education Advisor Austrade March, 2007

3. Geography Stage 5 • Stage 5 Focus Area 5A4, Outcomes: 5.6 and 5.7 • Australia’s regional and global context • regional and global trends • regional and global links • Strategies for a better future • ecologically sustainable development • trading agreements and treaties Electives: Australia’s Neighbours, World Political Geography, Communities, Work and Settlement, Development Geography.

4. Where we are: AAP Newswire 06/03/2007

5. Export benefits: employment opportunities • The changing nature of work • Internet for sales & marketing • Niche products & markets (p10 11/12) • Smart use of technology (p78+ 11/12) • Supply chains (p9+ 11/12) • Our time zone for services (p9 11/12) • Proximity to Asia • Emerging industries • Austrade exporting poster series + activities (employmentopportunities p3, growth opportunities p5 & future openings p7) • Year 11/12 book pp 30-32

6. Australian exporters are quick to pick up the Internet Internet connections Non-exporters Exporters

7. Technology has also played a role and an Advanced Australia has fared well

8. Niche Exports Adelaide Advertiser, 11/07/06

9. Niche Exports Daily Telegraph, 29/06/06

10. Emerging Industries Burnie Advocate, 13/07/06

11. Asia’s rise means that we are now in the right place at the right time: ‘The Tyranny of distance’ has become ’The Power of Proximity’

12. Who we sell to:

13. Who we buy from:

14. Broad export categories ABS, December, 2005

15. Barriers to Trade Political instability Cultural differences

16. Barriers to Trade Quarantine

17. Barriers to Trade Subsidies Local regulations

18. Trade liberalisation and protection • Trade protection issues - tariffs • Protection in high-income countries (average tariffs)

19. Trade agreements • Multilateral agreements – WTO • Regional agreements – APEC • Bilateral agreements – Free trade agreements (FTAs – NZ, Singapore, Thailand, USA) Find information on the four current agreements at: • www.fta.gov.au fact sheets, minister’s speeches • The status of current negotiations can be found at: • www.dfat.gov.aufeasibility, negotiations • Austrade: www.austrade.gov.au/economistscorner

20. Trade agreements

21. Trade agreements

22. Trade agreements

23. China Australia trade • Before entering the WTO in 2001, China’s average tariff rate was 15.3% but has been steadily reduced to 9.0% in 2005. • The tariff on most mechanical products is 5% • The average tariff on agricultural products is 15.3% • Australia has an average tariff of 3.5%, with 85% of tariffs falling between 0 and 5%. • An FTA could boost trade by US$18-64 bn over 2006-2015.

24. China’s tariff regime

25. Sustainable development and exports • Areas in which Australia has internationally-recognised expertise include: • arid land and water resources management • clean mining and mineral processing • pollution monitoring and controlling • waste management • organic foods • renewable energy • contaminated site remediation.

26. Triple bottom line reporting Transparency and accountability by business for their economic, social & environmental performance • Few currently report on triple bottom line • Business responsibilities & accountabilities will adapt to suit business structures and activities in the post-industrial era • Growing interest & feasibility studies • Multinationals now adopting triple bottom line - WMC Resources (www.wmc.com 2002 Sustainability Report), Shell

27. Sustainable futures Source : DFAT, 2000

28. Global benefits: higher wages Foreign manufacturers pay more than local firms, $US ‘000s, 1996 Seewww.dfat.gov.au/publications/globalisation_gains/faqs.pdf Globalisation poster activities booklet p8

29. Globalisation issues - poverty • Globalisation poster series – poverty p16 • World poverty 1820–1998

30. Globalisation • FOR: • Global, open economies perform better with improved living standards, reduced poverty, increased literacy • Better health care leading to longer life expectancy, reduced infant mortality • Reduced costs and greater access to goods • Interdependence encourages peace and democracy. • Improved environmental awareness, better technology

31. Globalisation • AGAINST: • Restructuring causes loss of traditional skills,job loss • Increased migration, brain drain, worsened labour conditions • Uncompetitive economies may fall further, vulnerable to downturns • Health impacts – migration, cigarettes, pollution • Monoculture, land clearing

32. Globalisation issues • Austrade globalisation posters and activities • Globalisation means … • Globalisation in history • Globalisation drivers • Globalisation and the world economy • Globalisation and culture • Globalisation and world politics • Globalisation and the environment • Globalisation and poverty

33. Austrade education resources • Exporting for the Future Years 9/10 • Exporting for the Future Years 11/12 • Trends in Australia’s Trade – statistics • Understanding the Global Economy – articles • Going Global export strategy game • CD – references from Austrade & DFAT • Posters plus activities booklet with answers • Market research resources online • Web Quests and case studies online

34. Education Program The future Your suggestions, requests and contact details to: • education@austrade.gov.au • Phone: 02 6201 7430 • Fax: 02 6201 7304