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IBM Punch Card Data Processing

Explore the history, application, and equipment of punch card data processing, from ledger-based records to IBM systems revolutionizing data management. Learn about sample company applications, data flow charts, and more in this insightful journey through computing evolution.

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IBM Punch Card Data Processing

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  1. IBM Punch Card Data Processing Computer History Museum 2 January 2020

  2. Outline • History • Sample Company Application • Data Flow Chart • Application of Punch Card Equipment Punched Card Data Processing

  3. History • Prior to the advent of punch card data processing, all records were kept in ledgers. • Updating of employee records were done by accountants wearing green eye shades. • The process was very labor intensive and error prone. Punched Card Data Processing

  4. Sample Company Application • The application is the maintenance of the employee master file for the Acme Widget Company. • The company has 7,983 employees • All the information about an employee is contained on a single 80 column (80 bytes) punched card Punched Card Data Processing

  5. Sample Company Application • Whenever the information for an employee changes: • New hire • Fired, died or quit • Change in pay • Moved or other change in personal data • His record in the master employee card file Punched Card Data Processing

  6. Employee Record Layout Punched Card Data Processing

  7. Data Flow Chart Update Deck Changes Keypunch Old Master File in employee number order Sorted Update Deck Sort Update Sort in employee number order Sort in employee number order New Master File in employee number order Punched Card Data Processing

  8. Data Flow Chart Master File Payroll Personnel Department List Address labels Sort in employee number order Punched Card Data Processing

  9. Punch Card Data Processing Equipment Keypunch • IBM 026 Printing Card Punch • Punched data into punch cards and prints the data on the top of the card • The IBM 024 was the same as an IBM 026 except it did not have a printer Sort in employee number order Punched Card Data Processing

  10. Punch Card Data Processing Equipment Sort • IBM 082,083,084 card sorters Difference is speed of operation • Reads cards and places them in one of 13 bins depending on the data in a selected column. • For a nine digit numeric field such as SSN, it requires nine passes through the sorter to get all of the cards in order Sort in employee number order Punched Card Data Processing

  11. Punch Card Data Processing Equipment Update • The update portion would be done with an IBM 077, 085, 087 or an 188 collator. Primary difference is speed of operation. • The update deck would be placed in input bin 1 and the old master file would be placed in input bin 2 • The function of the collator is programmed by a wiring board Sort in employee number order Punched Card Data Processing

  12. Processing of the Master File • In order to format the data for a specific report, the data would be fed to a tabulation machine like an IBM 402, IBM 403 or an IBM 407 IBM 407ACCOUNTING MACHINE IBM 403 ACCOUNTING MACHINE Punched Card Data Processing

  13. Processing of the Master File • The tabulators had the capability to: • Read in one or more cards per data set • Add, subtract values • Print out results on paper • Punch out data onto punch cards with an optional attached summary punch • The tabulators could not perform multiply or division calculations • The function of the tabulator is programmed by a wiring board Punched Card Data Processing

  14. Processing of the Master File • When the card processing required more than simple addition and subtraction, an IBM calculating punch such as the IBM 604 Electronic Calculating Punch was used. • The 604 performed addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. • The 604 was programmable via plugboards and could execute a program of up to about 60 steps. IBM 604 Electronic Calculating Punch with Type 521 Card Reader/Punch Punched Card Data Processing

  15. Processing of the Master File • The calculating punch would: • Read data from a punched card • Perform the required calculations • Punch the answer back into the same card or into a new card • The output cards would enter the data stream before the final tabulator Punched Card Data Processing

  16. Processing of the master file • In the early 1960’s, IBM announced the IBM 1401 Data Processing System. An IBM 1401 could perform far more functions than an IBM 407 tabulator and much faster. IBM 1401 Data Processing System Punched Card Data Processing

  17. Processing of the master file • The IBM 1401 system had the capability to: • Read cards at 800 cards per minutes • Punch cards at 250 cards per minute • Print at 600 lines per minute • Perform all math functions • Load and execute a stored program • These capabilities replace the tabulators and option summary punches Punched Card Data Processing

  18. Processing of the master file • With the addition of disk drives or tape drives to the IBM 1401, the need for the card sorter and the collator is eliminated Punched Card Data Processing

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