Early Human Settlements: Environmental Factors Impact

1. Preview 7 Environmental factors include bodies of water, landforms, plant life, and weather Use this drawing of a landscape to identify environmental factors that would affect your choice as to where to settle

3. Many environmental factors affect people’s choices as to where to settle In ancient Mesopotamia, for example, people settled near the rivers There, farmers could build irrigation systems to store floodwater for later use

4. In this chapter, you will learn about three important environmental factors (water, topography, and vegetation) and their effect on early settlement in ancient Egypt, Kush, and Canaan

5. Geography and the Early Settlement ofEgypt, Kush, and Canaan Chapter 7 EGYPTIANS (3100 B.C.E. to 350 C.E.>> settled along Nile River in the northeast corner of Africa KUSHITES(2000 B.C.E. to 350C.E>> settled south of Egypt along the southern part of the Nile ISRAELITES (later called the Jews) (1800 B.C.E. 70 C.E.) >>>settled northeast of Egypt in Canaan

6. 7.2 Environmental Factors and Early Human Settlement Environmental Factor #1 W A T E R • People need to live (RIVERS, LAKES, INLAND SEAS) Fresh Water • People BATHEand WASH • things in fresh water • People could FISH and • HUNT WATER BIRDS • and animals that gathered • near the water

7. Farmers needed FLAT LAND/WATER to grow their crops • Farmers could divert water for IRRIGATION Farming in the Nile River Valley • Rivers were used as highways (transportation) for TRADING AND VISITING RELATIVES Sailing on the Nile

8. Environmental Factor #2 T O P O G R A P H Y (shape of the land ) (MOUNTAINS, HILLS, PLAINS, DESERTS) 2. Farmers grew crops in large, flat areas • Coastal PLAINS and river VALLEYS had rich SOIL • Steep MOUNTAINSwere HARD to cross Rocky Mountains

9. Sandstorms are extremely dangerous because they drastically decrease visibility. Even during the day, sandstorms can make the sky very dark. • Rocky land made FARMING difficult in the MOUNTAINS • HOT AND DRY deserts contained very little WATER for farming • Intense heat in in deserts made travel DIFFICULT

10. Environmental Factor #3 V E G E T A T I O N (plant life) Examples???? TREES, BUSHES, FLOWERS, GRASS, REEDS AND CROPS PEOPLE GROW

11. Vegetation near rivers and lakes were • usually green and lush • Mountains were often covered with THICK GROVES OF TREES • PLANTS were a • source of food • People made useful PRODUCTS out of plants • TREES provided shade from the hot SUN

12. Date: ___________________ Warm-up #______ What are three environmental factors that influenced where people chose to settle in ancient times? #1/ Most important ______________________ 3 reasons ??? __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ #2/ ______________________ definition:_____________ 3 examples??? _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ #3/ ______________________ definition: ______________ 3 examples??? ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ON the map please label : EGYPT KUSH CANAAN

13. 7.3 Environmental Factors and the Early Settlement of Egypt and Kush The Egyptianslived along the northern part of the Nile The Kushites lived to the south

14. Let’s look at the PHYSICAL FEATURESof Egypt and Kush NileRiver--- Why did people settle here? The Nile River created a long, fertile river valley that ended in a marshy delta. (an area of sediment deposited at the mouth of the river)

16. D E s E r T s Libyan Arabian Nubian Deserts difficult to live on BUT what important role did the deserts play? ****formed a natural barrier for protection --invaders did not want to cross hot, dry desert

17. SEAS MEDITERRANEAN SEA and RED SEA Salty water –not good for drinking!!!!! BUT Sea rich inFISH andother kinds of life andseas COULD BE USED FOR T R A NS P O R T A T I O N and TRADE

18. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS- Egypt and Kush #1 W A T E R Nile River ->>> source of FRESH WATER- EVERY SUMMER THE RIVER OVERFLOWED ITSBANKSAND LEFT SILT (rich soil) for farming What else could people get from fresh water? FISH TO CATCH, ANIMALS TO HUNT INCLUDING DUCKS, HIPPOS, CROCS AND GIRAFFES

19. #2 T O P O G R A P H Y(shape of land) There were wide areas of FLAT LAND around deep bends in the RIVER VALLEY Great for FARMING and water was provided by the Nile’s annual flooding

20. #3 VE G E T A T I O N reeds were used for WEAVING BASKETS and roofs for huts PAPYRUS (a tough water plant) made ROPE and PAPER because of rich soil farmers grew WHEATand BARLEY (Get it?)

21. Why settle in Egypt/Kush? PHYSICAL FEATURE Environmental Factor

23. Yay Papyrus!!!! Way better than clay tablets Paper made from papyrus

24. Every year between June and September the Nile River would rise and flood Egypt. Melting snow and heavy summer rain in the Ethiopian Mountains sent a torrent of water causing the banks of the River Nile in Egypt to overflow on the flat desert land. The flood was so consistent that the ancient Egyptians knew when it would come and their prosperity depended on when the flood would come, and how much water it would yield. They developed a system of storing grain during years of prosperity to safeguard against the years when the floodwater did not rise high enough and they would experience a famine. The flooding of the Nile was just an ordinary event in ancient Egyptian life.

25. http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Nile+River+Documentary&view=detail&&&mid=C876380F82AFF6AAB8FFC876380F82AFF6AAB8FF&rvsmid=06F628911F5645FDD25E06F628911F5645FDD25E&fsscr=-1650http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Nile+River+Documentary&view=detail&&&mid=C876380F82AFF6AAB8FFC876380F82AFF6AAB8FF&rvsmid=06F628911F5645FDD25E06F628911F5645FDD25E&fsscr=-1650

26. 7.4 How did environmental factors influence settlement in Canaan? (home to the ancient Hebrews) Physical features Included: PLAINS, VALLEYS, HILLS, MOUNTAINS, DESERTS, BODIES OF WATER Jordan River Deserts: Syrian Negev Seas: Dead Sea Sea of Galilee ********Coastal plains bordered the Mediterranean Sea The Jordan River flowed down a mountain range through the MIDDLE OF CANAAN Mountains: Lebanon Hot, dry Difficult to live although the Negev got more water than most deserts from rain in the winter Actually two large lakes!!! One salty, one fresh

27. Jordan River->> FRESH WATER great for hunting, fishing, farming Sea of Galilee ***FRESHWATER LAKE plenty of fish and fertile land Dead Sea *****large salty lake, nothing grew in it, area hot and dry and not good for farming

28. IN very ancient times, the *****wet, fertile plains near the Mediterranean Sea were farmed The Mediterranean also enabled traders from many lands to visit Canaan

29. *******Difference between the Jordan and the Nile??? The Jordan did not regularly so river valley was not as fertile

30. #2 T O P O G R A P H Y Easiest to live in the coastal plains and near the Jordan River ***Many areas hilly with dry soil resulting in DIFFICULTY IN GROWING CROPS

31. HERDERS Tended to flocks of SHEEP, GOATS, AND CATTLE

32. Herders were *****N O M A D S, wandering FROM PLACE TO PLACE to PLACE IN SEARCH OF GOOD LAND FOR ANIMALS TO GRAZE

33. #3 V E G E T A T I O N Not a lot of plant life ----- ********vegetation best near the Jordan River-------- some light forests, short plants and grasslands

34. H H H H H H