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Final Exam

Final Exam. Tuesday, May 6 5-7 pm Marshall Auditorium. BASE Jumping Regulations. Illegal within all National Parks Outside of National Parks, regulated by Federal Aviation Administration (same laws as skydiving). Snowmobiling in Yellowstone. Winter Use Plan has been approved

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Final Exam

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  1. Final Exam Tuesday, May 6 5-7 pm Marshall Auditorium

  2. BASE Jumping Regulations • Illegal within all National Parks • Outside of National Parks, regulated by Federal Aviation Administration (same laws as skydiving)

  3. Snowmobiling in Yellowstone • Winter Use Plan has been approved • www.nps.gov/yell/technical/planning/winteruse/plan/index.htm

  4. International Recreation

  5. Global perceptions about recreation areas • Cultural perceptions of recreation and recreation areas Masai family, Kenya

  6. Global perceptions about recreation areas • Ownership of public lands • Crown lands of Canada & Provincial Parks Algonquin Provincial Park, Canada - 1893

  7. Global perceptions about recreation areas • Ownership of open lands & access for recreation • Great Britain • 1951 – First National Park established in England Peak National Park, England

  8. Global perceptions about recreation areas • Wilderness perceptions Annapurna Sanctuary, Nepal

  9. Problems facing international recreation today • High population growth in poor countries >>> conflict between survival & preservation • Competition for natural resources • Wars

  10. World Heritage Sites • Sites of unique international cultural & natural interest • Designated by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, & Cultural Organization) • 721 sites worldwide

  11. History of World Heritage Sites • 1959 – Plans to Build Aswan High Dam in Egypt • UNESCO launched campaign to save Abu Simbel Temples • $80 million • Temples moved to high ground Abu Simbel Temples, Egypt

  12. History • 1962 - UNESCO prepared a draft convention on the protection of cultural heritage sites • 1965 - US suggested creation of World Heritage Trust to protect natural areas globally

  13. History • 1968 – International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) developed natural heritage site protection proposal • 1972 – “Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage” • Today – 168 countries ratified convention (192 countries in world)

  14. Designation Process • Country submits application to UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee (WHC) • Plan for managing & protecting the site • WHC meets once per year

  15. Designation Process • WHC receives input about applications from two advisory organizations • International Council on Monuments & Sites • International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; World Conservation Union) • Site must meet at least one criterion

  16. Criteria for Selection of Cultural Sites • Masterpiece of human creative genius. • Exhibits the expression of human values over time through architecture, technology, or landscape design. • Exceptional testimony to a civilization.

  17. Criteria for Selection of Cultural Sites • Outstanding example of a type of architecture or landscape. • Outstanding example of a traditional human settlement representative of a culture. • Directly associated with events or traditions.

  18. Criteria for Selection of Natural Sites • Outstanding example of major stages in earth’s history. • Outstanding example of on-going ecological and biological processes. • Contain areas of exceptional natural beauty or phenomena. • Contain significant natural habitats necessary for conservation of biological diversity

  19. Questions • What criteria are listed for the site? • What characteristics of the site meet the criteria listed?

  20. Cultural World Heritage Sites

  21. The Great Wall, China • Criteria C(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)

  22. Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Provincial Historic Site, Alberta, Canada • Criteria C (vi)

  23. Ancient Thebes, Egypt • Criteria C (i)(iii)(vi)

  24. Potala Palace, China • Criteria C (i)(iv)(vi)

  25. What are some cultural World Heritage Sites in the US? • Independence Hall, PA • Mesa Verde NP, CO • Statue of Liberty, NY • Monticello, VA 8 sites total

  26. Natural World Heritage Sites

  27. Galapagos Islands, Ecuador Criteria N (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)

  28. Huanglong Scenic & Historic Interest Area, China Criteria N (iii)

  29. Shark Bay, Australia Criteria N (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)

  30. Jau National Park, Brazil Criteria N (ii)(iv)

  31. Victoria Falls, Zambia/Zimbabwe Criteria N (ii)(iii)

  32. Barrier-Reef Reserve System, Belize Criteria N (ii)(iii)(iv)

  33. Waterton Glacier International Peace Park, Canada & US (138 Peace Parks today) Criteria N (ii)(iii)

  34. Aeolian Islands, Italy Criteria N (i)

  35. What are some natural World Heritage Sites in the US? • Yellowstone NP • Grand Canyon NP • Everglades NP • Redwood NP • Yosemite NP 10 sites + 2 International Peace Parks

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