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Gould (1982) IQ tests

Gould (1982) IQ tests. A nation of morons New Scientist (6 May 1982) pp349-52. Mark Souter psychlotron.org.uk. Gould (1982) IQ tests. introduction comparative test based on age performance Developed by Binet (C19th France) mental age / chronological age x 100 = IQ

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Gould (1982) IQ tests

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  1. Gould (1982) IQ tests A nation of morons New Scientist (6 May 1982) pp349-52 Mark Souter psychlotron.org.uk

  2. Gould (1982) IQ tests introduction • comparative test based on age performance • Developed by Binet (C19th France) • mental age / chronological age x 100 = IQ • now based on norm referencing • Binet aimed to use results to identify and help • Intelligence could be improved Mark Souter psychlotron.org.uk

  3. Gould (1982) IQ tests introduction • Binet against IQ as fixed • Binet wanted tests to identify those who needed help • This view reversed by Eugenics movement • science should identify 'mental degenerates' • and 'prevent their propagation' Mark Souter psychlotron.org.uk

  4. Gould (1982) IQ tests the article: the background • Robert Yerkes (1915) wanted to promote psychology • WW1 created expansion of US army • Yerkes tested 1.75M US troops Mark Souter psychlotron.org.uk

  5. Gould (1982) IQ tests the article: the tests • 3 tests devised • Army Alpha - written test • 8 parts similar to modern IQ test • Army Beta - picture test for illiterates • pictures and numbers; c1h duration • spoken exam - for those failing Beta test • Yerkes claimed measured 'native intellectual ability' Mark Souter psychlotron.org.uk

  6. Gould (1982) IQ tests Mark Souter psychlotron.org.uk

  7. Gould (1982) IQ tests the article: the tests • BUT • cultural bias • 'Washington is to Adams as first is to ... • Crisco is a: patent medicine/disinfectant/toothpaste/food product • Christy Mathewson is famous as a: writer/artist/baseball player/comedian Mark Souter psychlotron.org.uk

  8. Gould (1982) IQ tests the article: the tests • test poorly administered: • too many Betas so men sent to Alpha queues! • many scored 0 but not retested in Beta • background not accounted for: • recent European immigrants • black men who'd never been given education Mark Souter psychlotron.org.uk

  9. Gould (1982) IQ tests the article: result of Yerkes tests • av mental age 13 [just above 'moron'!] • graded Europeans: av 'moron' • 'lighter' (Northern) Europeans scored higher • 'darker' (Southern) Europeans scored lower • av score of Black men 10.4, lower than whites Mark Souter psychlotron.org.uk

  10. Gould (1982) IQ tests the article: tests used to support racism • Carl Bringham (colleague of Yerkes) • claimed N Europeans 'racially superior' • Jews inferior • (explained Einstein etc as 'exceptions'!) Mark Souter psychlotron.org.uk

  11. Gould (1982) IQ tests the article: fallacies of the tests • early immigrants from N Europe • tests biased against S Europe • av score rose with length of time in US • = more experience --> higher score • Bringham said first arrivals were the most intelligent • later ones progressively more stupid Mark Souter psychlotron.org.uk

  12. Gould (1982) IQ tests the article: tests used to support racist policies • tests uses to support US Immigration Restriction Act in 1924 • The Eugenicists "won one of the greatest victories of scientific racism in American history" • a further consequence was to prevent refugees from Europe fleeing Nazism Mark Souter psychlotron.org.uk

  13. Gould (1982) IQ tests discussion • shows human consequences of academic debate • highlights political context of psychology • debate continues • no clear evidence that genetics account for IQ scores • still no clear operational definition of intelligence • 'race' is political construct not biological one Mark Souter psychlotron.org.uk

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