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By: Cindy Quisenberry

By: Cindy Quisenberry. The Integumentary System. The Integumentary System. Skin Hair Nails Sweat (apocrine and eccrine) and Sebaceous Glands. The Integumentary System.

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By: Cindy Quisenberry

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  1. By: Cindy Quisenberry The Integumentary System

  2. The Integumentary System • Skin • Hair • Nails • Sweat (apocrine and eccrine) and Sebaceous Glands

  3. The Integumentary System • Sebaceous (oil) Glands - secrete sebum, which is emptied into the hair follicles. Sebum prevents the skin and hair from becoming dry. Sebum is somewhat bacteriostatic and consists mainly of lipids • Apocrine Glands – are located in the axillae, breast areolae, umbilical, and anogenital areas, external auditory canals, and eyelids • Eccrine Glands – these glands are distributed over the body, except the lips; cool the body

  4. Functions • Protects the body: • From injury • From the intrusion of harmful microorganisms • From ultraviolet rays of the sun • Regulates the body’s temperature. • Excretes some of the body’s waste materials (perspiration). • Includes the body’s sensors for pain and sensation (important sensory organ). • Storage – storage of fat, water, etc. • Absorption – transdermal medications, UV light for Vitamin D

  5. The Skin

  6. The Skin Name the three parts, or layers, of the skin.

  7. The Skin Name the three parts, or layers, of the skin. Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer

  8. The Skin • Melanin – A brownish black pigment is produced in the epidermis by specialized cells called melanocytes • Albino – Absence of color pigments • Erythema – a reddish color of the skin that can be caused by either burns or a congestion of blood in the vessels • Jaundice – a yellow discoloration of the skin • Cyanosis - ?

  9. Syringes & Needles • Types of Syringes • TB Syringe (1 ml) • Insulin Syringe (measures in units) • 3 ml Syringe • 5 ml Syringe • 10 ml Syringe • 20ml Syringe • 50 ml Syringe • 60 ml Syringe • Luer Lock Syringe • Slip Tip Syringe • Catheter Tip Syringe

  10. Syringes

  11. Luer- Lock Syringe

  12. Slip Tip Syringe

  13. Parts of a Syringe • Barrel (non-sterile) • Flange on the Barrel (non-sterile) • Plunger (rubber portion and the shaft are sterile) • Flange on the Plunger (non-sterile) • Syringe Tip (Needle Attachment – sterile) • Calibrated Scales – markings vary from 0.01 on 1 ml syringe to 0.2 ml on 3-5 ml syringe; insulin syringes measure in units (1 or 2 units) always check the calibrated scale

  14. Major Types of Needles • Gauges (diameter) • 14-28 gauge • Length (how long the needle is) • ¼ inch – 3 inch

  15. Needles

  16. Parts of a Needle & Syringe • Lumen – hollow cavity inside the needle • Bevel – cutting edge of the needle • Hub – point of attachment to the syringe • Cannula (Shaft) – needle length • Cap – Protective cover Shaft/ Cannula Hub Barrel Plunger Tip Bevel Rubber tip Flange Flange Lumen Shaft

  17. Keep It Sterile!!! 1. The Needle must never touch anything which isn't sterile.2. The barrel tip of the syringe should also not touch anything except the needle's hub end. (this could contaminate the entire interior of the barrel)3. The rubber plunger should not be touched.4. The area of the plunger that extends into the barrel should also be avoided.So, that leaves just the outer barrel, the finger flange, and the thumb tip of the plunger.

  18. Skin Eruptions • Macule – Flat spots on the skin, such as freckles • Papule – Firm, raised area such as pimples and the eruptions seen in some stages of chicken pox and syphilis • Vesicle – blisters, or fluid-filled sacs, suc as those seen in chickenpox and shingles • Pustule – pus-filled sac such as those seen in acne

  19. Skin Eruptions • Crust – areas of dried blood, pus, commonly seen in scabs • Wheal – itchy, elevated area with an irregular shape; hives, insect bites • Ulcer – deep loss of skin surface that may extend into the dermis; may cause periodic bleeding and the formation of scars

  20. Macule

  21. Papule

  22. Vesicle

  23. Pustule

  24. Crust

  25. Wheal

  26. Ulcer

  27. Fissure –Cracks in the skin

  28. Laceration

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