1 / 76

Data and Statistics

Data and Statistics. October 2008 Susan Mowers. Outline. Introduction Who’s Got the Numbers? Geography in Canada Digging up Numbers Before You Dig Where to Dig for Justice statistics Census 2006 statistics Data versus Statistics, What’s the Difference? Going further

bob
Download Presentation

Data and Statistics

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Data and Statistics October 2008 Susan Mowers

  2. Outline • Introduction • Who’s Got the Numbers? • Geography in Canada • Digging up Numbers • Before You Dig • Where to Dig for Justice statistics • Census 2006 statistics • Data versus Statistics, • What’s the Difference? • Going further • Government policy critiques • Help • Tutorial : Tabulate data in SPSS CRM 6325

  3. Why Numbers on Crime and Justice? “He uses statistics as a drunken man uses lamp posts -- for support rather than illumination.” • Andrew Lang (1844 - 1912) , The Columbia World of Quotations Statistics can provide excellent context, authority (…and illumination) to research Many sources of statistics on crime and justice (which is good news and bad news) CRM 6325

  4. We have Criteria for evaluating Statistical Sources • Who is collecting the data? • What is their reputation for accuracy and objectivity ? • Can you review their data and methodology? Does the provider make this information available? • Who is the sponsor of the data collection? • What is their agenda? • E.g., a political party or toothpaste manufacturer have defined agendas CRM 6325

  5. Where to Dig for Data? CHECK OUT THESE TWO PUBLIC SOURCES FOR HOMICIDE STATISTICS… • http://www.nraila.org/Issues/Articles/Read.aspx?ID=72 • http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/081023/d081023a.htm ROW 1 - Who collected the data? ROW 2 – How was the data collected (methodology…)? ROW 3 - Who sponsored the collection &/or publication? ROW 4 – What was the sponsor’s mandate? CRM 6325

  6. *All information in this table dated before 1993 comes from the U.N. Demographic Yearbooks for 1993 and 1992. All information dated 1993 and thereafter comes from a draft study prepared for the U.N. Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice`s Vienna Session 28 April-9 May, 1997, except: a) the U.S. homicide figure comes from FBI preliminary data for 1996, and b) the Swiss homicide and suicide rates come from the Swiss national police. CRM 6325

  7. CRM 6325

  8. CRM 6325

  9. Copy and Paste Stats from Web tables …1 • Open Excel on your computer • Go to a table on a Web page: - Open the Daily Web page http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/081023/d081023a.htm - Scroll down to this “Homicides by Province / Territory” table: CRM 6325

  10. Copy and Paste Stats from Web tables …cont’d • Select the table as follows • Copy (Cntl + C) • Go to your Excel worksheet and Paste (Cntl + P) – in first cell • Your table appears in Excel, don’t forget to cite your source, e.g., Statistics Canada. 2008. “Homicides.” The Daily. October 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-XIE. http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/081023/d081023a.htm (accessed October 25, 2008). CRM 6325

  11. What not to do with Numbers • Ignore them • never use them or • never look further for a more authoritative source (including going to the Library) • Never check the organization(s) behind the numbers • Never question the methodology and motivation behind the data collection CRM 6325

  12. New to writing with statistics? 1) Writing with Statistics by Reuben Ternes. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/672/01/ Summary: This handout explains how to write with statistics including quick tips, writing descriptive statistics, writing inferential statistics, and using visuals with statistics. “In the casual sense, a statistic is any number that describes a group of objects.” 2) Introduction to the practice of statistics / David S. Moore, George P. McCabe and Bruce Craig. MRT Reserve - MRT circulation desk QA 276.12 .M65 2009 3) http://www.statcan.ca/english/edu/power/toc/contents.htm Assistance for getting the most from statistics. CRM 6325

  13. Statistics can be presented in many ways, as…- a table of numbers, - a few numbers in an article or Web site, ,- a graph, * *see Graph typesand … CRM 6325

  14. … AS A MAP Beware of ecological fallacies CRM 6325

  15. Statistics WHERE ARE THE PEOPLE or INCIDENTS…? • In Canada, Statistics Canada has Standard Geography • CRIMES: • Municipal police: Census Metropolitan Areas generally (Ottawa without Gatineau is an exception) • North / rural RCMP: Census Division or counties • Injuries, cause of death, diseases and conditions (e.g., depression) • Health regions: regions for provincial health services, e.g., injuries • Everything else: • Province/country – and the Census (socio-demographic) in particular has very detailed geography CRM 6325

  16. Hierarchy of standard geographic units for dissemination, 2006 Census- Figure 20, Census.Dictionary Statistical Administrative Counties Northern and rural police services Urban core over 100,000 Urban police services Municipalities CRM 6325

  17. … Who’s Got Numbers? A Whole Lot of places you can find numbers, Of varying degrees of reliability! …so Where to Start to Dig? CRM 6325

  18. Before You Dig • How much do you need – A few numbers, lots of numbers to compare (e.g., crime over time, factors relating to crime), or extensive detailled numbers (e.g., crime by city and gender of offender…)? • Will you know how to use it? If you think there may be a good in-depth source for numbers, ask for help. CRM 6325

  19. Are there any statistics on your Topic? • Check official sources – these are often primary sources (excellent!) • note, the United Nations is not an official source for crime statistics (go to the country’s national statistical agency) CRM 6325

  20. Official Statistical Agencies • Governments and international agencies produce a lot of statistics • Most governments have an official agency to carry surveys, gather data (e.g., from the provinces, analyse data, develop statistical products and publish their results • E.g.: • Statistics Canada –--- Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics • U.S. Census Bureau • Office for National Statistics (UK) • The University of Ottawa is a member of the Data Liberation Initiative – DLI between the Library and Statistics Canada CRM 6325

  21. Before you dig • Where will you dig? • Start by circling the official agency site to know if you should dig!! (Are you likely to find anything??) CRM 6325

  22. ARE THERE STATISTICS ON YOUR TOPIC? (A) impact of violent crime,(B) child abuse and its impact… via two basic sources from Statistics Canada… Juristat Annual statistical reports on crime, homicide, impaired driving, justice system AND additional special topics of interest. The Daily News stories on Canada's latest socioeconomic and health trends, including backfiles to 1995 Pre-digging CRM 6325

  23. Survey for numbers on…TOPIC A : Impact of violent crime on victims ? SOURCE: Juristat: Browse publications on Crime and justice and from list of “pubns”, select … • JuristatFOR TOPIC ABOVE* (hint, “2007”) Pre-digging – Survey the ground ROW 1 -- What is the source? What is the youngest age covered? ROW 2 -- How current is this information? How long did it take from year of data collection to Publication of this article? CRM 6325

  24. Survey for numbers on…TOPIC B : Child abuse and neglect and its impact SOURCE: The Daily: 1) Go to The Daily, 2) Type child abuse then click the Search The Daily button, 3)Select “The Daily, Thursday, June 28, 2001. Family violence: focus on child abuse and children at risk” Pre-digging – Survey the ground ROW 3 -- Would you say there are statistics on the impact of child abuse based on this article in The Daily? ROW 4 – At bottom of article, Click on the cited “Family violence in Canada: A statistical profile 2001 (85-224-XIE”. Would you say there are statistics on the impact of child abuse based on this Statistical profile? CRM 6325

  25. TOPIC A) What is the source for these statistical findings? (or what is the “GSS”?) CRM 6325

  26. TOPIC B) Sight and zero in takes a couple of steps… And click on… at end of article This 2001 profile has extensive statistics on child abuse and neglect CRM 6325

  27. Crime and Justice sources From Surveys (“samples” of population) General Social Survey, Victimization National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth Ethnic Diversity Survey Aboriginal Peoples Survey International Youth Survey (in Canada, Toronto) http://www.statcan.ca/cgi-bin/spider/dli.cgi DLI Contact: Smowers@uottawa.ca From Administrative data (“all” population) (Uniform Crime Report, Homicide Survey, Vital statistics…) Background socio-economic information Census of Population (“all” population) CRM 6325

  28. WHERE TO DIG(we have used …) • Statistics Canada and the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS) • The Daily (popular media audience) • Regular publications e.g., Juristat • Statistical tables – (1) Profile series (index page) and (2) Justice tables (more advanced) • Analytical studies, including Crime and Justice Research Series (index). Search Analytical studies by topic • Justice Canada (A-Z subject list: see Research and Statistics Reports) • National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD) – U.S., also international • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) CRM 6325

  29. What kind of digging will you do? A few statistics – you will need a big digger CRM 6325

  30. WHERE TO DIG(next we will use …) • Statistics Canada and the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS) • The Daily (popular media audience) • Regular publications e.g., Juristat • Statistical tables – (1) Profile series (index page) and (2) Justice tables (more advanced) • Analytical studies, including Crime and Justice Research Series (index). Search Analytical studies by topic • Justice Canada (A-Z subject list: see Research and Statistics Reports) • National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD) – U.S., also international • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) CRM 6325

  31. YOU NEED A FEW STATISTICS ON YOUR TOPIChttp://cansim2.statcan.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=E&CORCmd=GetTList&ResultTemplate=Srch1 Big Digger Or from http://www.statcan.ca CRM 6325

  32. Here are a several subjects covered by Statistics Canada directly related to crime and justice … CRM 6325

  33. Digging for data – TOPIC A SENIORS as VICTIMS of CRIME Steps: Click on Seniors Elder abuse and victimization Analytical Studies  Seniors As Victims of Crime,  March 6, 2007 (html)  ROW 1 – Is income level a factor for seniors as victims of crime and if so, what is the relationship?Go to:Tables and figures Table 5 ROW 2 –How much more likely are seniors to be the victim of a crime than non-seniors?Go to:Highlights CRM 6325

  34. Digging for data – TOPIC B CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT and ITS IMPACT Step 1: Click on Children and youth ROW 3 – Find Table C, what Family characteristics (e.g., specific types of child abuse or neglect, are related to aggressive behaviour at age 12-13? Go to: Crime and justice (youth) Analytical studies  Problem behaviour and delinquency in children and youth  (2001) ROW 4 –Which has greater impact on children’s social behaviour, family characteristics including high levels of dysfunction/punitive parenting, or learning disabilities? Go to: Health and well-being (youth) Analytical Studies  Learning Disabilities and Child Altruism, Anxiety, and Aggression, June 28, 2006, html CRM 6325

  35. What kind of digging will you do? 2) You need complex statistics and some detail – you need a search engine or you may need software CRM 6325

  36. WHERE TO DIG(next we will use …) • Statistics Canada and the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS) • The Daily (popular media audience) • Regular publications e.g., Juristat • Statistical tables – (1) Profile series (index page) and (2) Justice tables (more advanced) • Analytical studies, including Crime and Justice Research Series (index). Search Analytical studies by topic • Justice Canada (A-Z subject list: see Research and Statistics Reports) • National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD) – U.S., also international • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) CRM 6325

  37. Justice tables – Hands on … EXERCISE 1 • Click on: http://nesstar.tdr.uoguelph.ca/JUSTICE/CJ/2008/DOCS/cj08-tables.html • Browse listing – what do you recognize? 2) Go to: 3) Select Census Metropolitan Areas, 1991 to 2006 4) Let’s browse through the detailled offenses, then build a statistical table showing offender characteristics and related statistics for homicides by city and gender Crime Statistics Canada, the Provinces and Territories, 1977 to 2006 Census Metropolitan Areas, 1991 to 2006 All Police Services, 1977 to 2006 Major Crimes Categories, Municipal Police Services, 1977 to 2006 Ontario Provincial Police, 1977 to 2006 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 1977 to 2006 Sûreté du Québec, 1977 to 2006 CRM 6325

  38. Beyond 20/20 CCJS Justice table CRM 6325

  39. Download from Beyond 20/20 • Click on File  Save as  • Select your directory to save to • Type a file name • Select .xls as “Save as type” • Click on “Save” • Open your file in Excel CRM 6325

  40. The Census of Population by Cities, Towns, Provinces, the Nation CRM 6325

  41. Compare territorial and provincial total crime rates per 100,000 people for 2006 … by Census 2006 housing adequacy/crowding statistics (a measure of poverty): Use Census socio-demographic statistics A 'room' is an enclosed area within a dwelling which is finished and suitable for year-round living (e.g., kitchen, dining-room, or bedroom). Not counted as rooms are bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. CRM 6325

  42. Use Census socio-demographic statistics for comparisonCommunity Profiles… CRM 6325

  43. Community profiles at … Statistics Canada’s public Web site: http://www.statcan.ca (start here) CRM 6325

  44. Step 1: Select Community Profiles from left sidebar CRM 6325

  45. Step 2: Select a province or territorynote, you can also find cities (place name, e.g., Dawson) CRM 6325

  46. Step 3, e.g., click on “Yukon Territory” CRM 6325

  47. Step 4, Select Families and households CRM 6325

  48. Note, you have columns for province-territory/country (always) and can change regions from here… CRM 6325

  49. Use Census socio-demographic statistics for comparisonSTEP 1)Community Profiles … • Find the % … • …for 1) Click on: http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Index.cfm?Lang=Eto start CRM 6325

  50. Crowding highs and lows CRM 6325

More Related