First Aid/CPR Review

1. First Aid/CPR Review

2. Check - Make sure the scene is safe for you • Call – Call 911 • Call immediately if: • Persistent chest pain • Unresponsive • Trouble breathing • Care - Care for the injured • Protect yourself (i.e. gloves, face shield…) • Shock • Can accompany any type of injury or sudden illness • Always monitor for signs and symptoms of shock

3. Good Samaritan Law • Legal protection for people that voluntarily give care without accepting anything in return • Must give care to what you have been trained to (no brain surgery!) • You must have consent to help anyone • Unresponsive = Implied consent • No consent – Don’t treat! • If you believe it is life threating then call 911 • Do not administer any shots (epinephrine …) or inhalers • Encourage person to do it themselves

4. Burns • The first step in caring for any burn is to stop the burning. • Cool the burn using cool or cold potable water (water that is suitable for drinking). • At least 10 minutes • Cover the burn loosely with a sterile dressing. • If a sterile dressing is not available, a clean dressing or plastic wrap may be used to cover the burn.

5. Head Injuries (including concussions) • Do not move the person until medical personnel arrive • Do not remove safety helmet or gear • Symptoms could include brief loss of consciousness • Does not require a hard hit to the head • Stop doing what you are doing and seek medical attention • A person with a muscle, bone or joint injury requires medical attention • Apply cold if it can be tolerated • Watch for shock • Do not splint or bandage the area

6. Sudden Illnesses • Heart Attack • Blockage of blood to the heart • Call 911 • Loosen clothing and rest in comfortable position • Chewing aspirin can help • Prepare to perform CPR • Stroke • Blockage of blood to the brain • F – Face drooping • A – Arms drift down • S – Speech is slurred • T – Note the time that symptoms first appear • Seizures • Seek medical attention • Remove near-by objects to prevent further injuries • Do not hold them still • Do not put anything in there mouth

7. Environmental • Hypothermia • Signs/Symptoms • Disoriented, confused • Uncontrollable shivering • Treatment • Remove from cold • Remove wet clothing • Slowly rewarm with dry clothes/blankets • Frost Bite • Signs/Symptoms • Numbness or Tingling • Painful (could turn blue or black) • Treatment • Slowly rewarm • Do not place in boiling water or fire • Heat Stroke • Remove person from the heat • Call 911 • Cool with ice and cooling blankets • Heat Exhaustion • Remove person from the heat • Small amounts of cool fluids like coconut water, Gatorade, water • Loosen clothes and use fan to cool down • Heat Cramps • Rest • Drink fluids with electrolytes • Stretch

8. Breathing Problems • Chocking • Heimlich maneuver • Above the navel • Pull in and up • Anaphylaxis shock • Severe allergic reaction • You must act quickly when signs appear • Person can have trouble breathing • Have person administer an epinephrine shot • Asthma • Trouble breathing • Encourage person to use inhaler • Sit down and attempt to catch breath

9. Bleeding • Bleeding • Capillary – Slow bright red bleeding • Venous – Slow, oozing dark red bleeding • Arterial – Fast, spurting bright red bleeding • Apply direct pressure • Apply gauze padding in layers and wrap with bandage • Apply a tourniquet • Bleeding won’t stop • Bleeding is on an extremity (arm or leg) • Multiple casualties • Dangerous area

10. CPR • 30 compressions • Smooth and regular • 100 – 120 compressions per minute • All the way down and all the back up • 2 breaths • Lasting at least 1 second • Check the scene for safety • Check for responsiveness • Check breathing for 5-10 seconds • Continue cycle until: • Person shows signs of life • To exhausted • Another trained member takes over

11. Summary • Test will be multiple choice • Between 20-50 questions • Review (Both on Clover AFJROTC web site) • This slide show • Participants Manual