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Exploring Biopolymers: Definition, Types, and Advantages

Learn about biopolymers, their classification into polynucleotides, polypeptides, and polysaccharides, and the differences between biopolymers and synthetic polymers. Discover the sustainability and unique properties of biopolymers.

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Exploring Biopolymers: Definition, Types, and Advantages

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  1. Department of Chemistry College of Science Biopolymers Chem. 563 Dr. Mohamed El-Newehy http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/melnewehy

  2. Definition and Types

  3. Biopolymersare polymers that bio-degrade with the action of micro-organisms, heat and moisture. • Biopolymerscan be made using waste starch from a crop that has been grown for food use. • Biopolymers are polymers produced by living organisms. They are polymeric biomolecules, biopolymers contain monomeric units that are covalently bonded to form larger structures. • There are three main classes of biopolymers based on the differing monomeric units used and the structure of the biopolymer formed: • 1. Polynucleotides • which are long polymers composed of 13 or more nucleotide monomers. • 2. Polypeptides • which are short polymers of amino acids. • 3. Polysaccharides • which are often linear bonded polymeric carbohydrate structures.

  4. Biopolymers versusSynthetic Polymers Definition and Source • Biopolymersare made from biomass. • Synthetic polymers are often made from the petroleum feedstock. Increased use of bio-polymers would reduce the dependence on fossil fuels; another advantage is that biopolymers are easily bio-degradable.

  5. Structure • Synthetic polymers are much simpler and random and molecular mass. • This fact leads to a molecular mass distribution that is missing in biopolymers. • All biopolymers of a type (say one specific protein) are all alike: they all contain the similar sequences and numbers of monomers and thus all have the same mass. This phenomenon is called monodispersity in contrast to the polydispersity encountered in synthetic polymers. As a result biopolymers have a polydispersity index of 1. i.e. biopolymers are monodisperse.

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