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Load-Balanced Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks

Load-Balanced Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks. Gaurav Gupta and Mohamed Younis IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2003. (ICC 2003) Bao-Hua Yang. Outline. Introduction Network model Load-Balanced clustering Simulation Conclusion. Introduction.

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Load-Balanced Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks

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  1. Load-Balanced Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks Gaurav Gupta and Mohamed Younis IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2003. (ICC 2003) Bao-Hua Yang

  2. Outline • Introduction • Network model • Load-Balanced clustering • Simulation • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • In sensor network, sensor node has constrained energy • When the topology is cluster, cluster head • Act as the manager • May die quickly • Objective • Balance the load between cluster heads • Prolong the lifetime of cluster heads

  4. Introduction • Basic idea • Balance the number of the sensor nodes in each cluster • Consider on communication cost between gateway and sensors

  5. Network model • Assumption • Two kind of nodes • Sensor node • Sensing data • Energy-constrained • Gateway node • Cluster manager • High-energy • All gateways form their own subnet • All nodes have • Location information---GPS • Not mobile

  6. Network model

  7. Network model • Sensor energy dissipation model transmitter receiver

  8. Load-Balanced Clustering • Define Range set(Rset), Exclusive set(Eset), the reach of sensor node 7 1 9 4 G1 11 G2 6 2 8 5 3 10

  9. Load-Balanced Clustering • Define Range set(Rset), Exclusive set(Eset), the reach of sensor node 7 1 9 4 G1 11 G2 1.Location 2.energy reserve 6 2 8 5 3 10 RsetG1{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}

  10. Load-Balanced Clustering • Define Range set(Rset), Exclusive set(Eset), the reach of sensor node 7 1 9 4 G1 11 G2 6 2 8 5 3 10 RsetG2{6,7,8,9,10,11} RsetG1{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}

  11. Load-Balanced Clustering • Define Range set(Rset), Exclusive set(Eset), the reach of sensor node 7 1 9 4 G1 11 G2 6 2 8 5 3 10 RsetG2{6,7,8,9,10,11} RsetG1{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}

  12. Load-Balanced Clustering • Define Range set(Rset), Exclusive set(Eset), the reach of sensor node 7 1 9 4 G1 11 G2 6 2 8 5 3 10 RsetG2{6,7,8,9,10,11} EsetG2 {8,9,10,11} RsetG1{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} EsetG1 {1,2,3,4,5}

  13. Load-Balanced Clustering • Define Range set(Rset), Exclusive set(Eset), the reach of sensor node 7 1 9 4 G1 11 G2 6 2 8 5 3 10 RsetG2{6,7,8,9,10,11} EsetG2 {8,9,10,11} RsetG1{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} EsetG1 {1,2,3,4,5} Reach: reach1=1,reach6=2

  14. Load-Balanced Clustering 1 15 Rset{1,2,3,5,4,6,10 } G1 14 10 2 3 11 G2 4 Rset{11,14,15,12, 13,10} 5 6 12 9 13 7 8 G3 Rset{7,8,9,4,6,12,13,10}

  15. Load-Balanced Clustering 1 15 Rset{1,2,3,5,4,6,10 } G1 14 10 2 3 11 G2 4 Rset{11,14,15,12, 13,10} 5 6 12 9 13 7 8 G3 Rset{7,8,9,4,6,12,13,10}

  16. Load-Balanced Clustering • Define critical distance • The median of distances in Eset Rset{1,2,3,5,4,6,10 } 1 G1 Eset {2,3,1,5 } 10 2 3 4 5 6

  17. Load-Balanced Clustering • Define critical distance • The median of distances in Eset Rset{1,2,3,5,4,6,10 } 1 G1 Eset {2,3,1,5 ,4} 10 2 3 4 5 6 Critical distance

  18. Load-Balanced Clustering 1 15 Rset{1,2,3,5,6,4,10 } G1 14 10 2 3 11 G2 4 Rset{11,14,15 12,13,10} 5 6 12 9 13 7 8 G3 Rset{7,8,9,12,13,6,10}

  19. Load-Balanced Clustering • The cardinality of per cluster • Objective function minimizes the variance of the cardinality • The cost between gateway and sensor node Where G: number of gateways X: cardinality of gateway Gi X’: average cardinality including the node under consideration

  20. Load-Balanced Clustering 1 15 Rset{1,2,3,5,6,4,10 } G1 14 10 2 3 11 G2 4 Rset{11,14,15 12,13,10} 5 6 12 9 13 7 8 G3 Rset{7,8,9,6,12,13,10}

  21. Load-Balanced Clustering 1 15 Rset{1,2,3,5,6,4,10 } G1 14 10 2 3 11 G2 4 Rset{11,14,15 12,13,10} 5 6 12 9 13 If add 6 to G1 7 8 G3 Rset{7,8,9,12,13,6,10}

  22. Load-Balanced Clustering 1 15 Rset{1,2,3,5,6,4,10 } G1 14 10 2 3 11 G2 4 Rset{11,14,15 12,13,10} 5 6 12 9 13 If add 6 to G1 7 8 G3 Rset{7,8,9,12,13,6,10} If add 6 to G2

  23. Load-Balanced Clustering 1 15 Rset{1,2,3,5,6,4,10 } G1 14 10 2 3 11 G2 4 Rset{11,14,15 12,13,10} 5 6 12 9 13 7 8 G3 Rset{7,8,9,12,13,6,10}

  24. Simulation • Environmental setup • Sensing area:1000*1000 square meter • Number of sensors: 100 to 500 • Number of gateways: 2 to 10 • Each node has initial energy: 5 joules

  25. Simulation Gateways:5 Sensor nodes:100~500

  26. Simulation

  27. Conclusion • This paper introduced an approach to balance the load among cluster head • Future work • Fault tolerance by providing backup gateway • WCNC2003 • Dynamic gateway

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