PowerPoint for Computer Service and Repair

1. PowerPoint for Computer Service and Repair By JoAnne Keltner Goodheart-Willcox Publisher 18604 West Creek Drive Tinley Park, IL 60477 www.g-w.com Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only.

2. Chapter 2Operating Systems

3. What Is an Operating System? • An operating system is software that does the following: • Provides a file system structure. • Provides a means of communicating with computer system hardware. • Prevents running programs from interfering with one another.

4. Importance to the PC Technician • This chapter introduces the function and terminology of computer operating systems. • Understanding how an operating system functions is essential to troubleshooting personal computers.

5. Objectives • Identify various computer operating systems. • Explain minimum requirements of an operating system. • Describe the three core DOS files. • Identify DOS limitations. • Explain the differences between the various versions of the Windows operating system.

6. Objectives • Describe how to create a DOS boot disk. • Describe the boot process. • Describe the relationship of application software, operating systems, BIOS, and system hardware components. • Describe the common characteristics of different operating systems.

7. Presentation Outline 1 Operating System 2 Disk Operating System 3 Microsoft Windows Operating Systems 4 Non-Windows Operating Systems

8. 1 OperatingSystem

9. Kernel • The kernel is the core of the operating system.

10. Operating System Communication User Application software Operating system software BIOS Computer hardware

11. Operating System Characteristics • Ability to multitask. • A user interface. • A file structure. Click each link for details.

12. Common OS Terminology • Configuration. • Application software. • Drivers. • Software patches. Click each link for details.

13. Review • Describe three functions of an operating system. • Provides a file system structure. • Provides a means of communicating with computer system hardware. • Prevents running programs from interfering with one another.

14. Review • The _____ is the core of an operating system. • kernel

15. Review • The _____ provides communication between application software and the BIOS. • operating system

16. Review • A(n) _____ is used in an OS to keep track of file locations on a disk. • file allocation table

17. Review • Software that enables proper communication between the PC and peripherals is called _____. • drivers

18. 2 Disk Operating System

19. Disk Operating System (DOS) • The Disk Operating System (DOS) set standards for Windows operating systems to follow. • The command line is used to enter commands and to open programs. • No multitasking or multiprocessor support.

20. DOS Core Files

21. DOS Commands • Internal commands are commands contained within the command.com file • External commands are located in the DOS directory.

22. Internal Commands

23. External Commands

24. DOS System Boot Disk • A DOS system boot disk contains the necessary files needed to boot the computer. • Booting refers to starting the computer and loading the OS. • To create a DOS boot disk, the format a: /s command is used.

25. Naming DOS Files Examples: config.sys autoexec.bat myfile.txt • Eight point three (8.3) naming convention. • Eight character or less filename, a period (dot), and a three-character extension.

26. Common File Extensions

27. Unacceptable Filename Characters | + = > < ? : [ ] • A period can only be used between the filename and extension.

28. Warm and Cold Boot • Warm boot initiated by [Ctrl] [Alt] [Del]. • Cold boot initiated by turning the computer on with the switch.

29. Config.sys • Used to load device drivers and to configure, disable, or enable OS features, such as number of files that can be opened. • Used in new operating systems to support legacy software applications.

30. Config.sys Commands

31. Autoexec.bat Commands

32. Autoexec.bat • A text file used to load and run programs at startup. • Required for legacy programs.

33. Review • What are the names of the three core DOS files? • io.sys • msdos.sys • command.com

34. Review • Which of the following commands is used to create a DOS boot disk? • chkdsk a: /s • chkdsk a: /DOS • format a: /s • format a: /DOS 

35. Review • Which file is used to load device drivers and to configure, disable, or enable OS features, such as number of files that can be opened? • autoexec.bat • config.bat • autoexec.sys • config.sys 

36. Review • What are some limitations of DOS? • 8.3 character naming convention. • Command line only. • No multitasking or multiprocessor support.

37. 3 Microsoft WindowsOperating Systems

38. The Microsoft Windows Family Windows 3.x Windows 95 • Built on DOS. • Offered a GUI. • Stores configuration information in system.ini and win.ini. • Introduced the registry, Plug and Play, and the shortcut menu. • 32-bit OS. • Enhanced CD player. Windows 98 • Introduced support for DVD, MMX, AGP, and FAT32. • Integrated the Web browser.

39. The Microsoft Windows Family (Cont.) Windows Me Windows NT • Workstation and server version. • 32-bit OS with preemptive multitasking. • Enhanced security. • Limited user access. • Introduced Advanced Network Wizard and System Restore tool. • Introduced support and drivers for video cameras. • New technologies added to the Windows 95 kernel.

40. The Microsoft Windows Family (Cont.) Windows XP Windows 2000 • Uses a modified NT kernel. • Dynamic file system (NTFS5.0). • Improved security. • Uses a modified NT kernel. • Windows XP Home Edition. • Windows XP Professional.

41. Microsoft Windows Desktop Icons System tray Start button Task bar

42. Start Menu

43. File Names—Windows 95 and Later • Long file names introduced. • Allowed for 255 characters. • Characters not allowed consist of the following: | * > < ? : / \ “

44. Windows 95, 98, Me Boot Sequence • Power-on self-test (POST). • Bootstrap program loads into memory some basic files and then turns over control to the OS. • io.sys • msdos.sys • config.sys • command.com • autoexec.bat

45. Windows NT, 2000, XP Boot Sequence • Power-on self-test (POST). • Bootstrap program loads into memory some basic files and then turns over control to the OS. • NTLDR • ntdetect.com • boot.ini • ntoskrnl.exe

46. Windows System Disk • A Windows system disk contains the necessary files to start the PC and load the operating system.

47. Registry • The registry is found in Windows 95, 98, NT, 2000, and XP. • It is a database that stores configuration information. • Accessed by entering regedit or regedt32 in the Run dialog box off the Start menu.

48. Registry Editor HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT Object linking and embedding (OLE) information and how files are associated. HKEY_CURRENT_USER Information about the current workstation user. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE Information specific to the local computer. HKEY_USERS Information for each user of this workstation. HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG Display and printer settings.

49. Registry Files • The system.dat file contains information about the computer’s settings. • The user.dat filecontains information about individuals who use the computer. • Can be backed up, copied to disk, and modified.

50. Review • Which Windows operating systems use a modified NT kernel? (Select all that apply.) • Windows 95 • Windows XP • Windows Me • Windows 2000  