Chapter 14 Review BINGO!

1. Chapter 14 Review BINGO! As each answer is revealed, mark your Bingo card with an X if you have the term. Five X’s in a row and your have BINGO = Bonus points!

2. This type of government has total control over its parts Centralized Europe’s feudal kingdoms slowly developed into Nation States where a central authority had all the power. In England the central authority would eventually be the Parliament, in France it was the King!

3. Describes the Feudal system where government was split and local powers had a lot of power. Decentralized Decentralized systems are weak by nature and generally plagued by internal conflict. It is difficult to get all the parts to work as one. BUT decentralized systems can be good in terms of more individual freedoms. THE United States is centralized but has some powers reserved for the states as part of our Constitution.

4. The selling of church offices. Simony Simony allowed corruption to dominate the Catholic Church in the middle ages. People were interested in the power and not the faith.

5. The new style of European church architecture that started in the 11th century. Gothic Famous for its ornate sculpture, high vaulted ceilings, huge stained glass windows, and flying buttresses – the Gothic Cathedrals were symbols of the Age of Faith and the power of the Catholic Church in the middle ages.

6. Pope who called the first crusade in 1096. Urban II Urban II saw the opportunity to increase the Church’s power by responding to the Byzantine Empire’s call for help with an all out war against the Muslim Turks who controlled the Holy Land (& Jerusalem)

7. The Holy wars fought by the Christians against the Muslims. The Crusades The Crusades were a response by the Europeans against the constant threat of expansion by the Islamic Empires in the Middle East and Spain. It was a time of great intolerance on both sides.

8. Great Muslim leader who captured Jerusalem in 1187 and fought Richard the Lion Heart to a stalemate (3rd Crusade), signed a treaty in 1192 Saladin Saladin would eventually lose control over the Muslim armies in the Holy Land as his rivals believed he was too soft on the Crusaders. One of his replacements – King Baybers – a once slave from Egypt – would finish the Crusaders in 1250 by eliminating all remaining Christian strongholds in the Holy Land – killing any Christians he captured.

9. King of England who led the 3rd Crusade to take back Jerusalem from Saladin. Richard I (The Lion Heart) King Richard is the “good” king of the legendary Robin Hood stories. He is captured on his way back from the Holy Land and held for ransom – his brother (John) had to pay the ransom for his release.

10. The war to take back the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) Reconquista When the Muslim Moors from North Africa invaded the Iberian Peninsula in the 8th century their armies penetrated as far north as the city of Tours in 752. After the battle of Tours Christian forces spent the next 700 years reconquering the Iberian Peninsula

11. A religious court originally started to rid Spain of any heretics (people who did not believe in Catholic Christianity). Inquisition The Inquisition was used to exile any remaining Muslims or Jews from the Iberian Peninsula after the Reconquista succeeded in 1492.

12. Leaving only 1 field out of three fallow. Three Field System The 3 field system helped Western Europeans produce more crops, population surged and people had more goods to trade. It replaced the old two field system.

13. An organization of people in the same profession. guild Guilds helped to set standards of quality, wages, and job training.

14. The expansion of trade and business in Europe after the Crusades. Commercial Revolution Commmercial = Business Revolution = Change People were no longer content to survive on the Manor with what they could produce locally – they wanted luxury goods like spices from the Middle East that the Crusaders had brought back home.

15. A medieval town Dweller – usually business owner or merchant. burgher As the Medieval towns began to grown they became powerful forces for change in the Medieval world. Burghers could demand special rights (charters) from the king in exchange for taxes – giving them freedom from local nobles & becoming a beacon for Serfs to run away to be free and work for a better life.

16. Wrote The Divine Comedy in 1321. Dante Alighieri This book was famous because it put the corrupt politicians and Church leaders of the 14th Century in hell, symbolically, so Dante could deny any connection. It would be dangerous for anyone in the 14th century to criticize the Church. The first part of the book is called Dante’s Inferno where he describes the Nine Circles of Hell. Each ring of hell was reserved for certain types of sinners. The further into the circle, the worse the sin.

17. Writing in your native tongue. vernacular Writing in the vernacular was attractive because you didn’t need to know Latin – which was the language all books (including the Bible) were written in before the 14th century.

18. Conquered England in 1066 by winning the battle of Hastings. William I (the Conqueror) William was a Norman lord who took his army and conquered England – he was related to the previous English king who died without a son. William was a nephew but his claim on the throne was weak because his mother and father were not married when he was born. He was called William the Bastard by his enemies.

19. English King who increased England’s Central power by sending out Royal Judges to hear court cases. Henry II Henry II was the father of King John and Richard the Lion Hearted.

20. The body of accumulated court decisions over decades and centuries. Common Law Common Law in England became the basis of US law today. Common civil rights we take for granted in the Bill of Rights today were fought for by the English in documents like the Magna Carta

21. The Great Charter – signed by King John of England in 1215. Magna Carta The Magna Carta is one of the most important document in the history of Democracy because it guaranteed certain liberties to all “free” men like trial by jury of peers and that all men are bound by law (no one above the law).

22. Established by Edward I of England in 1295 and included the commoners. The Model Parliament This “Model” of having a two house legislature was continued every time the King of England called a meeting of Parliament. The two houses are the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

23. Law making, legislative body in England. Parliament Parliament is headed by a Prime Minister, chosen from among its members by the members – who are voted into office by the people. Usually the majority party controls who becomes the Prime Minister (today it is Theresa May)

24. French King who became king at age 15, fought King John in 1204 and tripled the size of his lands in France. Philip II Established royal bailiffs – these officials presided over royal courts and collected taxes – they were sent throughout France - helped centralized the kings power.

25. A French legislative body made up of 3 estates called by Philip IV in 1302. Estates general The French kings recognized the power of the English Parliament to limit the King’s power and so never called the Estates General again after Philip did in in 1302. (never again until 1789 when Louis XVI did it regretting it shortly after – The French Revolution started!

26. Powerful French King who challenged the authority of the pope in 1302 and appointed his own French pope in 1305. Philip IV This started the Great Schism where the Catholic Church would eventually end up with 3 popes and become riddled with scandal and corruption.

27. A French city where Philip IV moved the office of Pope (the papacy) in 1305 Avignon During the black death in 1348 Avignon lost ½ of its population – 50,000 people!

28. The split in the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1414 when there were 2 Popes.. Great Schism In 1378 the French pope died on a visit to Rome & the Italians elected an Italian pope. The French elected a French pope, both popes declared the other “false” and excommunicated each other! A third pope was elected in 1414 but that made it even worse – 3 popes! Who do you listen to? Finally in 1417 with the help of the Holy Roman Emperor all 3 popes resigned and 1 pope was chosen – ending the great schism.

29. An Englishman who was critical of the Pope and preached that the bible was a higher authority on Christianity (not the church). John Wycliff Wycliff also said that the clergy were corrupted wealth and should not own property.

30. Burned at the stake for challenging the church’s authority. Jon Hus A Bohemian (modern Czech Republic) professor who taught that the Bible was more important than the Pope. .

31. A Pandemic, also known as The Black Death that hit Europe for the first time in 1347.. Bubonic Plague Spread through TRADE and WAR (the Mongol leader Janibeg in 1344 / siege of Kaffa) First carried by fleas on rats but eventually mutated and became airborne. By 1347 it made it to Italy. By 1350 it had killed 1/3 of Europe’s population.

32. A war between England and France over who was to be king of France that lasted from 1337-1453. The 100 Years’ War The Last Capetian King (French king Philip IV) died in 1337 without a direct heir and Edward III of England was his nephew. Edward III wanted to be king of both England and France. In time the French would win – pushing the English out of France almost completely.

33. A key weapon that destroyed the supremacy of the armored knight on the Medieval battlefield. The English Longbow In Key battles during the 100 years’ war, like the battle at Crecy in 1346, English longbow men proved more valuable than armored knights. The longbow was made compulsory training by every English boy and whole villages would practice after Sunday Church services. The Longbow helped end the privileged status of the knight – longbow men were commoners. .

34. French peasant girl who saved the French from being conquered and ruled by the English in the 100 Years’ War Joan of Arc Joan galvanized the French nobility to FIGHT the English, she won the battle of Orleans in 1429. She was captured and put on trial as a witch, found guilty, and burned at the stake by the English.