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Explore the fierce battles, strategies, and impact of World War II in the Pacific Theater from the Sino-Japanese War to the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
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War Without Mercy:The Pacific TheaterMr. JohnsonU.S. History & World History Created by Prof. John Tucker (ECU) & John Johnson (HCHS)
Objectives N.C. Standard Course of Study World History • Objective 5.03 – Analyze the causes and course of World War II and evaluate it as the end of one era and the beginning of another U.S. History • Objective 10.02 - Identify military, political, and diplomatic turning points of the war and determine their significance to the outcome and aftermath of the conflict.
FDR’s Pearl Harbor Address Click here for text and audio of the address
U.S. Enters the War Allied strategy: “Germany first”
Gen. Douglas MacArthur U.S. Army Adm. Chester Nimitz U.S. Navy American Commanders
Important Battles • Invasion of Philippines, 1941 – Japanese seize control; Bataan death march • Coral Sea, 1942 – Stopped Japanese expansion in South Pacific • Midway, 1942 – Stopped Japanese expansion in mid-Pacific • Guadalcanal, 1943 – First major landing of U.S. troops… island hopping • Leyte Gulf, 1944 – Major defeat for Japanese navy, U.S. liberation of Philippines • Iwo Jima & Okinawa, 1944-1945 – Small islands close to Japan, kamikaze attacks, bomber bases!!! 1 2 3 4 5 6
Incendiary Bombing – 1945 • 66 Japanese cities were devastated by fire-bombing raids • Incendiary bombs: meant to demoralize and cause mass destruction – “total war” • Total casualties from incendiary bombings: • 241,000 killed • 313,000 wounded
Tokyo 51% Tokohama 58% Toyama 99% Nagoya 40% Osaka 35% Kure 42% Kobe 56% Omuta 36% Wakayama 50% Okayama 69% Nishinomiya 12% Shimonoseki 38% Kawasaki 35% Yawata 21% Kagoshima 63% Amagasaki 19% Incendiary Bombing – 1945
F.D.R. • approved the development of the atomic bomb – “Manhattan Project” • died April 12, 1945
Harry S. Truman • VP forless than 3 months • Knew nothing about the development of the atomic bomb • Saw the atomic bomb as a way to save American lives
Atomic Politics • Potsdam Conference (July 1945) • Japan was clearly defeated, but would not surrender • U.S., U.K. and K.M.T. China call for unconditional Japanese surrender • Japanese military refused to surrender, hoping that U.S.S.R. would help with a diplomatic settlement • The Manhattan Project • Robert Oppenheimer and Los Alamos • Trinity test explosion
July 16, 1945, 5:29:45 am First man-made atomic explosion “Trinity” “I am become Death, destroyer of worlds.” -Oppenheimer
General Leslie Groves • “The Atomic General” • saw use of atomic bomb as a preferable to Soviet entry into the Pacific war
Bomb Directive • Selected targets: • Hiroshima • Kokura • Niigata • Nagasaki • Cities relatively undamaged by previous bombing raids were selected
The Two Atomic Bombs • August 6, 1945, 8:15 am Hiroshima – “Little Boy” bomb • one bomb: • 100,000 dead immediately • 100,000 more dead in five years • August 9, 1945, 11:02 am Nagasaki – “Fat Man” bomb • one bomb: • 70,000 dead immediately • 70,000 more dead in five years
Effects of the Atomic Bomb • temperature at hypocenter: 5,400° F • “a silent flash” to close observers, resulting in death or severe burns • black rain • massive fire • long term effects – “radiation sickness,” blood and bone cancers, miscarriages, birth defects, lesions, etc.
