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Understanding Elements and Compounds: From Periodic Table to Proportions

Explore elements as building blocks of matter, learn about the periodic table's organization, and grasp the laws governing compounds' proportions. Contains worksheets for further comprehension.

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Understanding Elements and Compounds: From Periodic Table to Proportions

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  1. Section 3.4 Elements and Compounds

  2. Objectives • Distinguish between elements and compounds • Describe the organization of elements on the periodic table • Explain how all compounds obey the laws of definite and multiple proportions

  3. Composition of Matter

  4. Elements • Building blocks of matter • Cannot be separated into simpler substances • 91 elements occur naturally on Earth • 118 total known elements

  5. The Periodic Table

  6. HOW HIS WORKED… rows by increasing atomic weight. columns by reactivity SOME PROBLEMS… blank spaces for undiscovered elements. Favored reactivity over atomic weight Dmitri Mendeleev

  7. Rows or Periods • Now rows are by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER!! • Periods (1 to 7).

  8. Columns/Groups/Families • Groups 1 to 18. • Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties!! • share common traits= families

  9. Compounds • Two or more elements chemically combined • 10 million known compounds • Table salt, aspirin, water

  10. Law of Definite Proportions • A compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass

  11. Percent by Mass Percent by mass (%) = mass of element x 100 mass of compound

  12. Law of Multiple Proportions • When different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers

  13. Homework • Classification Worksheet • Laws Worksheet

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