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CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 6. Section 3 Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course. Adams vs. Jefferson Party (allies & beliefs) vs. Party (allies & beliefs) Jefferson defeats Adams - Constitutional flaw was exposed

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CHAPTER 6

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  1. CHAPTER 6 Section 3 Jefferson Alters the Nation’s Course

  2. Adams vs. Jefferson Party (allies & beliefs) vs. Party (allies & beliefs) Jefferson defeats Adams - Constitutional flaw was exposed Tie in Electoral votes between Jefferson (Pres. Candidate) and Burr (Vice-Pres. Candidate) from Democratic Republican party – 73 votes a piece HOR to decide – they voted 36 times before Hamilton convinced a Federalist to vote for Jefferson – Burr was not qualified to be President Changed the voting procedure to one vote for President and one for Vice President for the electors instead of just second place Election of 1800

  3. Jefferson strikes deal with Federalists to keep Hamilton’s financial system in place HOR to decide – they voted 36 times before Hamilton convinced a Federalist to vote for Jefferson – Burr was not qualified to be President Jefferson wins by one vote after several ballots are cast Peaceful transition – Jefferson later called Revolution of 1800 Election of 1800 Burr v. Hamilton Duel

  4. Wants to simplify the Presidency and get back to ideals of Revolution Dresses more plainly, not into the pomp and circumstance, walks to his own inauguration Shrink the role of federal gov’t – reduce Army, reduce expansion of Navy, reduce role of the Bank of the US, wanted more free trade (less gov’t control in trade) Eliminated whiskey tax Congress repealed Alien and Sedition Acts Thomas Jefferson Takes Office

  5. Before Jefferson took office, Federalists passed Judiciary Act of 1801 Judiciary Act of 1801 – Adams passed this which increased federal judges to 16 – and filled these positions with federalists (Midnight Judges) because he signed their appointments on his last day in office Greater control of judge positions by federalist and shifted power to federal courts and away from state courts Republicans repeal act early in 1802, doing away with midnight judges The Rise of the Supreme Court

  6. Adams appointed Federalist John Marshall chief justice of Supreme Court In 1803, Marshall and the Supreme Court reaffirmed policy of judicial review – the power to decide whether laws passed by Congress were constitutional Per. 9 – Presidents Chart – West Point Marbury vs. Madison

  7. The Louisiana Purchase • In 1800, France regains Louisiana from Spain in secret deal • Worried about control of Mississippi River, Jefferson sends delegation to Paris • The Constitution did not mention the purchase of land Jefferson – a strict interpretation • Transfer of land was arranged as part of a treaty between France and the U.S - negotiated by the executive branch and ratified by the Senate • Napoleon needs money to fight war in Europe • France sells Louisiana to U.S. for bargain price of $15 million.

  8. The Louisiana Purchase • Set precedent for expansion & Doubled the size of the US • Allowed Jefferson to complete the purchase without the elastic clause - Established the precedent that land can be added to the US by treaty – opened the possibility to expand to Pacific coast (“Manifest Destiny”) • Payment (arranged by Bank of U.S.) of $15 million • Gave US complete control of the Mississippi River removed a foreign neighbor from our western boundary & paved the way for the Lewis and Clark Expedition

  9. Lewis and Clark Expedition • Jefferson sends Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore Louisiana Territory • Found path through Rocky Mts, reached Pacific Ocean • Along the way they met Sacagawea, a Native American woman who served as a guide • Lewis & Clark Video

  10. Barbary War Chesapeake-Leopard Affair The Embargo Act – 1807 Thomas Jefferson – Foreign Policy This famous political cartoon lampoons the Embargo Act signed by Jefferson. It closed all ports to foreign ships and was unpopular. Ograbme is embargo spelled backwards.

  11. CHAPTER 6 Section 4 – The War of 1812 Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History

  12. After fragile peace fell apart, Britain and France go back to war in 1803 Britain began to use impressment, kidnapping Americans off of merchant ships and forcing them to serve in the British Navy In June 1807, a British warship opened fire on the American warship The Chesapeake Jefferson tries an embargo but it does not work – repealed in 1809 Rising Tensions With Britain Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History

  13. James Madison elected president in 1808 Like Jefferson, Madison tried economic pressure to get France and England to stop interfering with American ships The Non-Intercourse Act and Macon’s Bill #2 both failed to convince Britain or France to respect American shipping rights Finally in 1810, France agreed to stop restricting American trade James Madison The Road to War Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History

  14. War Hawks – group of young Republicans from the South and West who are pushing for war with Britain The northeast is against a war – hurts trade In June 1812, Madison asked Congress for a Declaration of War Congress voted to declare war; 79-49 in the House and 19-13 in the Senate Henry Clay The Road to War Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History

  15. Impressment of American sailors Western settlers blamed British for problems with Native Americans Southern farmers were losing money because of British trade restrictions Lack of communication between Britain and U.S. France tried to lead U.S. and Britain into war Causes of the War of 1812 Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History

  16. U.S. was not ready to fight War of 1812 – only 7,000 troops and 16 ships Americans deeply divided – New England called it “Mr. Madison’s War” U.S. financial problems – National Bank charter had expired Problems of the War of 1812 Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History

  17. U.S. decided to invade Canada in 1812 – huge mistake U.S. had some success on Lake Erie in 1813 In 1814, Britain’s war with France ended and the British shifted extra troops to America With U.S. focused on Canada, Britain invaded via the Chesapeake Bay and burnt Washington to the ground in Aug 1814 U.S.S. Constitution The War of 1812 Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History

  18. After attacking Washington D.C., the British attacked Baltimore U.S. prepared to defend Baltimore After the British bombarded Fort McHenry all night long on Sep. 13th, Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner the next morning The Star Spangled Banner Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History

  19. Support for the war declined, especially among New England Federalists At the Hartford Convention in December 1814, High Federalists urged New England to secede from the Union A month later the U.S. gets a decisive victory at the Battle of New Orleans – General Andrew Jackson becomes a war hero The Hartford Convention all but ended the Federalist Party The War of 1812 Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History

  20. Britain and the U.S. signed the Treaty of Ghent on December 2, 1814 Treaty was actually signed before the Battle of New Orleans Treaty said nothing about impressment and no territory changed hands War of 1812 increased the nation’s prestige overseas, as well as unity and patriotism The War of 1812 Ends Mr. Harrington Ch. 6 U.S. History

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