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The Problem. Voter receives receipt after casting ballot Checks receipt at home The receipt on the bulletin board is different What should election officials do? Decertify Election? Claim user faked receipt?. Solutions?. Digital Signatures Receipt is signed with voting authority PK
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The Problem • Voter receives receipt after casting ballot • Checks receipt at home • The receipt on the bulletin board is different • What should election officials do? • Decertify Election? • Claim user faked receipt?
Solutions? • Digital Signatures • Receipt is signed with voting authority PK • What if voting system creates bad signature? • Open problem: • Human-verifiable digital signatures • Voter can verify inside voting booth • without trusting any computer • Should be secure against forging even with computers
Relaxations and Directions • Almost Human-Verifiable • Verifiable with a standard hand calculator • Verifiable with dedicated device but… • Device is “easily testable” • Testing input indistinguishable from real input • Possible direction • Scheme based on LPN (e.g. Hopper-Blum)