وزارة التربية التوجيه الفني العام للغة الإنجليزية

1. Ministry of Education ELT General Supervision وزارة التربية التوجيه الفني العام للغة الإنجليزية Strategies of Teaching the Four Skills ELT General Supervision

2. Strategies of Teaching the Four Skills Language learning depends on listening. Listening provides the aural input that serves as the basis for language acquisition and enables learners to interact in spoken communication. ELT General Supervision

3. Teaching Listening Listening Strategies Top-down Bottom -up ELT General Supervision

4. Listening strategies are techniques or activities that contribute directly to the comprehension and recall of listening input. Listening strategies can be classified by how the listener processes the input ELT General Supervision

5. Goals and Techniques for Teaching Listening Integrating metacognitive Strategies Listening Process ELT General Supervision

6. Teaching Speaking Many language learners regard speaking ability as the measure of knowing a language. These learners define fluency as the ability to converse with others, much more than the ability to read, write, or comprehend oral language. ELT General Supervision

7. Speaking involves three areas of knowledge: Mechanics (pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary): Using the right words in the right order with the correct pronunciation. Functions (interaction): Knowing when clarity of message is essential (information exchange) and when precise understanding is not required. Social and cultural rules and norms (turn-taking, rate of speech, length of pauses between speakers, relative roles of participants ELT General Supervision

8. Goals and Techniques for Teaching Speaking The goal of teaching speaking skills is communicative efficiency . Learners should be able to make themselves understood. Instructors can use a balanced activities approach that combines language input, structured output, and communicative output. ELT General Supervision

9. Strategies for Developing Reading Skills • Using Reading Strategies Strategies that can help students read more quickly and effectively include : • Previewing • Predicting • Skimming and scanning • Guessing from context • Paraphrasing ELT General Supervision

10. Reading as a Process Reading is an interactive process that goes on between the reader and the text, resulting in comprehension. • Reader knowledge, skills, and strategies include : • Linguistic competence • Knowledge of vocabulary • Discourse competence • Sociolinguistic competence • Strategic competence ELT General Supervision

11. Strategies Of Teaching The Writing Skill Writing is more complicated than it seems at first, and often seems to be the hardest of the skills, even for native speakers of a language, since it involves not just a graphic representation of speech, but the development and presentation of thoughts in a structured way. ELT General Supervision

12. Here are some of the micro-skills involved in writing. The writer needs to: • use the orthography correctly • use the correct forms of words • put words together in correct word order. • use the style appropriate to the genre and audience • make the main sentence constituents • make the main ideas distinct from supporting ideas • make the text coherent • make sure of schematic knowledge of the subject ELT General Supervision

13. A- Eclectic Approach : An eclectic approach is responsive to learners’ needs as their skills develop, and asserts that there is no one answer to the question of how writing should be taught. ELT General Supervision

14. Techniques for teaching the writing skill : I - Introduction Students need to be personally involved in writing exercises in order to make the learning experience of lasting value. ELT General Supervision

15. II Choosing a Target Area Choosing the target area depends on many factors; what level are the students? What is the average age of the students, Why are the students learning English, ELT General Supervision

16. III - Which Means? Having decided on the target area, the teacher can focus on the means to achieve this type of learning. ELT General Supervision

17. IV - Planning the Class With both the target area and means of production clear in the teacher's mind, the teacher can begin to consider how to involve the students by considering what type of activities are interesting to the students. ELT General Supervision