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Biological Basis of Addiction

Biological Basis of Addiction. Christine Foster, LMSW Children’s Therapist. Effects of Substance Abuse: Conception – Age 11. Photo courtesy of Sterling Clarren, MD – Brain at 6 wks. Faces in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Don’t Talk Don’t Trust Don’t Deal Don’t Feel.

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Biological Basis of Addiction

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  1. Biological Basis of Addiction Christine Foster, LMSW Children’s Therapist

  2. Effects of Substance Abuse: Conception – Age 11

  3. Photo courtesy of Sterling Clarren, MD – Brain at 6 wks

  4. Faces in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

  5. Texas Office for Prevention of Developmental Disabilities

  6. Don’t Talk Don’t Trust Don’t Deal Don’t Feel

  7. How do people get better from alcohol and drugs?

  8. Effects of Substance Abuse: Ages 12-25 Apoptosis = Pruning 200 billion to 100 billion

  9. HYPOFRONTALITY:when Dopamine spikes the cortex actually shuts off

  10. How dodrugs & alcohol effect the brain during thepruning process?

  11. Limbic System • Fight or Flight • Pleasurable Experiences: Dopamine

  12. Dopamine Release 100%150% 350%1100%

  13. If you arrest here but stop using here Age 12

  14. Arrested Development Effects • Stuck in psychosocial stage of development • 10% Decrease in Hippocampus functioning (converts information to memory) • Increased social disinhibition • Risky, impulsive behavior • Poor planning & judgment • Little ability to weigh consequences

  15. Developmental Age of Parents

  16. Practical Applications • Connect Client to Appropriate Service • Parent Coaching, Individual Therapy, In or Outpatient Treatment,12-step, ACA, Alanon • Connect Child to Appropriate Service • Play Therapy, High Risk Classes, Individual or Family Therapy • Teach Parents Executive Functioning Skills • Teach Parents To Teach Executive Functioning Skills

  17. Tools for Working with Families • Play: A child’s work • Patterned, Repetitive, Predictable & Rhythmic • Praise Executive Functioning in Parents • Teach Parents What To Say During Family Dinners • Behavior Modification Contracts

  18. Dopamine-Releasing Chemicals Alcohol & Sedative/Hypnotics Opiates/Opioids Cocaine Amphetamines Entactogens (MDMA) Entheogens/Hallucinogens Dissociants (PCP, Ketamine) Cannabinoids Inhalants Nicotine Caffeine Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids

  19. Prefrontal Cortex Thinking: Executive Functioning • Abstract; conceptual understanding • Impulse Control • Problem-Solving • Decision-Making • Judgment • Emotion Regulation/Frustration Tolerance • Ability to Feel Empathy

  20. References • Califano Jr., Joseph (2009),How to Raise a Drug-Free Kid, The Straight Dope for Parents. • Giedd. J. N. (2004).Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the adolescent brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021, 77-85. • Spear, L. P. (2002). Alcohol’s effects on adolescents. Alcohol Health and Research World, 26 (4), 287-291. • Suggested Reading • Dahl, R.E. & Spear, L.P. (Eds.) (2004). Adolescent brain development: vulnerabilities and opportunities. New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 1021. • Dubuc, B. (n.d.).The brain from top to bottom. McGill University web site: • http://www.thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/index_d.html • http://www.childtraumaacademy.com/amazing_brain/index.html • http://fasdcenter.samhsa.gov • http://nofas.org • Landreth, G. (2002). Play Therapy: The Art of the Relationship. Brunner Routledge. • Nestler, E. J., & Malenka, R. C. (2004, March). The addicted brain. Scientific American, 290 (3), 78-85. • Underwood, N. (2009). The teenage brain: Why adolescents sleep in, take risks, and won’t listen to reason. The Walrus Magazine. • Wallis, C. (2004, May 10). What makes teens tick? Time, 163, 57-65. • Walsh, D. (2004). Why do they act that way? A survival guide to the adolescent brain for you and your teen. New York: Free Press.

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