Applications in Heavy Ion Radiolysis

1. Applications in Heavy Ion Radiolysis Funded by: Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Office of Basic Energy Sciences U. S. Department of Energy Jay A. LaVerneRadiation Laboratory and Department of PhysicsUniversity of Notre Dame

2. Examine energy loss, charge and other properties of ionizing radiation. Elucidate fundamental radiolytic decomposition of molecules and the kinetics of the transients. Fundamental Basis to Applications 50 MeV C6+ ions in air physics  chemistry  medicine / engineering / environment

3. Elucidate fundamental radiolytic decomposition of molecules and the kinetics of the transients Examine problems relevant to nuclear energy Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory Gamma source Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory 3 electron accelerators (2-8 MeV)3 gamma sources (0.3-24 kCi) Electron linac

4. Radiation Effects in Nuclear Power Industry Waste Storage Power Plant Chemistry Radiation effects are found throughout the nuclear energy complex. Wide variation in type of radiation. How will materials decompose due to radiation? Can we design materials more radiation robust? Fuel Processing Waste Transport

5. solar/cosmic radiation: H, He, etc.planetary particles Solar Flares Communication Exploration Heavy Ion Radiolysis in Space Space travel Applications in space exploration and origin of life.

6. DNA damage Cancer therapy Health / Therapy Effects due to Track Structure Energy Deposition Precise dose delivery with heavy ions

7. Ion Characteristics FN Tandem Radiolysis cell Notre Dame has a core set of ion accelerators.Each ion has a different track structure, physics and chemistry.

8. Differences in 10 keV Track Segments at 1 ps  eaq-  H+  OH  H  H2  OH-  H2O2 10 MeV 1H 5 MeV 4He

9. Notre Dame Heavy Ion Beamline

10. Gamma Radiolysis

11. H2O  eaq-, H3O+, OH, H, H2, H2O2 Measure the products of water radiolysis under realistic conditions. eaq- : dissolution, H2 formation H2 : explosive, flammable OH : biological H2O2 : corrosive Water and Aqueous Solutions Water radiolysis cell

12. Water Decomposition Radiation effects are generally over within a microsecond.

13. H2O  eaq-, H3O+, OH, H, H2, H2O2 OH Radical Yields Track structure determines radiation chemistryYields and models used for medical therapy

14. Basic Science: elucidate fundamental radiation decomposition mechanisms in nonaqueous media Motivation for Radiolysis of Organic Compounds Applications: Hydrocarbons: tissue, oils, lubricants Polymers: lithography, masks, reactor components, space environment, waste storage Resins: separations, reactors Benzene/iodine radiolysis

15. Chang, LaVerne and Araos Radiat. Phys. Chem.2001, 60, 253. polyethylene H2 Yields in Monomers and Polymers polystyrene Many studies on simple liquids and polymers

16. Radiolysis of Ion Exchange Resins Resins are important in separation waste streams and in reactor water purification. Exactly how do they decompose with radiation? How do they hold up under radiation stress? Can we make them functional but radiation robust? Nuclear Reactors Separations 10 kGy 50 kGy 100 kGy Resins

17. Amberlite IRA400 H2 Yields with Amberlite Resins OH- > Cl- > NO3- Resin radiolysis is vital in the nuclear power industry, but can be deadly.

18. H2O + SiO2 , ZrO2, CeO2, TiO2, UO2 Radiation effects at water – solid interfaces are responsible for corrosion. H2 initiativeWaste transport / storageFuel rod integrityReactor engineering Interfacial Radiolysis H2 oxide g 4He ion radiolysis of CeO2 oxide water water – ceramic oxides – radiation

19. University based accelerators are important for examination of radiation effects. Studies evolve as problems arise. Applications: nuclear power industry medical therapy space study and exploration homeland security Summary

21. Simplified Radiation Chemistry of Water S OH H H OH