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Normal Gait Revision. Lecturer : Dr. Manal Radwan Salim Demonstrators Dr.Mohammed Arafaat Dr. Haytham Essawy Fall 2013-2014 1 st practical section. Kinmatic parameters of gait cycle in young healthy adults from literature Spatial parameters Stride length: 1.33 to 1.63 m
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Normal Gait Revision Lecturer : Dr. ManalRadwanSalim Demonstrators Dr.MohammedArafaat Dr. HaythamEssawy Fall 2013-2014 1st practical section
Kinmatic parameters of gait cycle in young healthy adults from literature • Spatial parameters • Stride length: 1.33 to 1.63 m • Step length: 0.7 to 0.81 m • Step width ( also known as base of support): 0.61 to 0.9 m • Foot angle: 5.1° to 5.6°
Temporal parameters: • Stride duration 1 to 1.12 sec. • Walking velocity ("speed): 0.82 to 1.6 m/sec. • Cadence 100 to 131 Step /minute. • Stance time: 0.63 to 0.67 sec • Swing time: 0.39 to 0.40 sec • Swing/stance ratio0.63-0.64
In gait analysis the emphases is on motion pattern and recalling the maximum excursion of joints is essential only in understanding motion patterns and to have an image of motion rather than defining absolute norms and to determine muscular activities during gait cycle. • *Muscular activities during gait: • In order to understand the role of muscles play during gait; it is important to recall that each lower extremity functions in both an open (in swing phase) and closed (in stance phase) kinetic chain. Consequently, a muscle contraction can affect not only the joint crossed by that muscle, but also joints throughout the chain.
The hip exhibits a single cycle of motion. Beginning at initial contact, max flexion and gradually extends, reaching maximum hyperexternsion (10 degrees) at heel off, after reaching maximum hyperextension the hip begins to flex again, reaching maximum flexion in late swing.
knee ehibits several reversals in direction Start by extension(0-5°exte)in IC, flexes 10 to 20 degrees immediately after contact, reaching 1stmaximum flexion at foot flat (15-20°), then extension phase of knee begins reaching extends to (5° F) in mid stance, max ext . At heel off; then the flexion phase begins after HO till reaching maximum in mid swing 60-65° (TO 10°, IS40°). Finally knee begin to extend in terminal swing and reaches maximum knee extension before ground contact.
Ankle exhibits reversals in direction also IC of ankle occurs in neutral position, following contact the ankle planter flexes additional 5 to 15 ° degrees in foot flat, as the body glides over the stance foot in mid stance the ankle dorsi flexes (5° DF), reaching maximum DF just after the knee reaches full extension in HO. Ankle planter flexion resumes reaching maximum planter flexion of 20 just following toe off. in swing the ankle dorsi flexes slightly but may remain in slight planter flexion throughout swing.
