The Romans Create a Republic

1. The Romans Create a Republic Chapter 6, Section 1 Page 141 The Roman Empire

2. As the Greek civilization began to decline, a new civilization to the West began to emerge. • The city of Rome grew from a small village to a mighty empire. • It adopted and preserved much of Greek art, philosophy, religion, and drama. • It also created a legacy of its own.

3. Today, Italy is a country • Before there were countries, cities could grow….and sometimes turn into a powerful force • Rome, today, is a city in Italy • But, it was once a powerful empire

4. Yeah Buddy! • This is Florence, Italy • The only place that would allow the Jersey Shore show to film in Italy

5. Rome…a preview • http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers#p/u/28/me4E5wDCK2Q

6. The Beginnings of Rome • Founded in 753 BC by Romulus and Remus – the twin sons of the God Mars and a Latin Princess. • The legend says that the twins were abandoned as infants and raised by a she-wolf. • They decided to build a city near that spot.

7. Romulus and Remus feeding on the She-Wolf

8. In reality, Rome developed due to the rich soil provided by the nearby river, the Tiber River.

9. Early Settlers • Latins – farmers and shepherds who traveled across the Alps • Greeks- established 50 colonies on the coasts of Southern Italy and Sicily. Greeks taught Italians how to grow grapes and olives. • Etruscans – native metal workers, system of writing, influenced Roman architecture, especially the arch.

10. Roman Gods • Adopted Etruscan rituals they believed would help them win favor with the gods. • Adopted personalities and legends of the Greek gods. • Romans gave their gods different names. • Zeus – Jupiter • Hera - Juno http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezpn8xH_XHI

11. Jupiter and Juno

12. Roman Gods and Goddesses • http://www.unrv.com/culture/major-roman-god-list.php Apollo

13. No more King! • The last king of Rome was ‘Tarquin the Proud’. • He was a harsh tyrant and driven from power in 509 BC. • The Romans declared they would never again be ruled by a king. • They swore they would put to death anyone who plotted to make himself king.

14. (535 B.C. – 496 B.C.) 7thKing of Rome, reigning from 535-509 until the Roman revolt in 509 B.C. which would lead to the establishment of the Roman Republic. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus

15. Established a Republic • A republic is a form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote to select their leaders. • In Rome, citizenship with voting rights was granted only to free-born males.

16. Patricians – aristocratic landowners who held most of the power • Plebeians – common farmers, artisans, and merchants with limited political power • Tribunes – plebeian formed assemblies which protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials.

17. Twelve Tablets (Tables) • When laws were unwritten, the patricians could interpret the law to suit themselves. • In 451 BC, a group of 10 officials began writing down Rome’s laws. • The laws were carved on 12 tablets (or tables) and hung in the Forum. • Established the idea that all free citizens, patricians, and plebeians, had a right to the protection of the law.

18. If not a king….than who?Consuls • 2 consuls – one commanded the army and the other directed the government. • 1 year long term • Same person could not be re-elected consul again for 10 years. • One consul could always overrule, or veto, the other’s decision.

19. Senate • 300 members chosen from upper class Roman society. • Later plebeians were allowed in the Senate. • Membership was for life – which allowed for continuity.

20. Roman Senate

21. Dictators • In times of Crisis, Dictators could be appointed by the consul and then elected by the Senate. • The Dictator’s rule was for only six months.

22. Military Service • All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the army. • To secure public offices, 10 years of military service were required.

23. Legions • Organized into large military units, called Legions- 5,000 • Legions were divided into smaller groups of 80 men, each called a century. • Infantry – foot soldiers • Calvary – soldiers on horseback

24. Each legion had a nickname and a flag, called its eagle. • Losing the eagle in battle was a disgrace. • Legions were self-sufficient and could live off the land. • They did their own construction and even built roads and bridges.

25. Roman Legion Flags

26. Each soldier had armor, a helmet, a shield, a sword, and a dagger • Also carried tools for digging • They also brought a cooking pot and clothing.

27. Roman Armor

28. Imperial Centurion Armor

29. Rome Spreads Power • Rome was lenient with conquered territories. • They allowed some to have full citizenship rights • Others received full citizenship rights except voting power • Other became Allies of Rome

30. Mediterranean Sea • Rome’s location made it easy to trade with others along the Mediterranean Coast. • Carthage- city on North African coast- interfered with Rome’s trade. • Rome and Carthage fought bitterly for control of the Mediterranean Sea.

31. Carthage

32. Rome and Carthage fought 3 wars known as the Punic Wars • Fought for control of Sicily and the western Mediterranean, lasted 23 years. • Ended in the defeat of Carthage. • Rome took Sicily as its prize

33. The Second Punic war began in 218 BC. • The mastermind was Carthaginian general, Hannibal • Hannibal wanted to avenge Carthage’s earlier defeat.

34. Hannibal assembled 50,000 infantry, 9,000 Calvary, and 60 elephants • To surprise the Romans, he led his army on a long trek form Spain across France and through the Alps.

35. Hannibal’s Army

36. The battlefield may have looked something like this.

37. Carthage (orange)

38. Hannibal invaded Northern Italy. • Hannibal’s troops marched up and down the Italian peninsula for more than 10 years. • Seized crops and cattle • Pillaged farm houses

39. Hannibal won his greatest victory at Cannae, in 216 BC. • His army inflicted heavy losses on the Romans. • But the Romans regrouped and prevented Hannibal from taking Rome.

41. Finally, Scipio became the Roman military leader. • Scipio attacked Carthage and forced Hannibal to return to defend his native city. • In 202 BC, The Romans defeated Carthage for the second time. • http://www.youtube.com/user/historyteachers#p/u/45/E1NFrNv0Jis

42. Scipio

43. Carthage was no longer a threat to Rome, but some Romans wanted revenge. An influential senator, named Cato, ended all his speeches with “Carthage must be destroyed.” Rome wants Revenge

44. 3rd Punic War • In 149 B.C., Rome attacked Carthage. • In 146 B.C., the city was set on fire. • 50,000 people were captured and sold into slavery. • Its territory was made the new province of Africa. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trvNo79PsRI&feature=related

45. Rome expands • The defeat of Carthage gave Rome full control of the Mediterranean Sea. • The Romans went on to conquer surrounding territories and expand their empire.

46. Roman Empire at its greatest

47. Assignment • On the bottom of your paper, list 2 reasons why a consul serving just one year at a time would be good. List 2 reasons why a consul serving just one year at a time would be bad. GoodBad 1. 1. 2. 2.