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“Bonaparte,” 1798 Jacques Louis David FIRST CONSUL

“Bonaparte,” 1798 Jacques Louis David FIRST CONSUL. Europe in 1800. Haitian Independence, 1792-1804. Toussaint L’Ouverture. Louisiana Purchase, 1803. $15,000,000. “Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the Empress Josephine,” 1806 by David. December 2, 1804.

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“Bonaparte,” 1798 Jacques Louis David FIRST CONSUL

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  1. “Bonaparte,” 1798 Jacques Louis David FIRST CONSUL

  2. Europe in 1800

  3. Haitian Independence, 1792-1804 Toussaint L’Ouverture

  4. Louisiana Purchase, 1803 $15,000,000

  5. “Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the Empress Josephine,” 1806 by David December 2, 1804

  6. “Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the Empress Josephine,” 1806 by David

  7. Napoléon’s Throne

  8. The Imperial Image

  9. The “Empire” Style Madame Recamier by David, 1808

  10. Napoleonic Europe

  11. SeaPower 1805: France   Britain Trafalgar (Lord Nelson: Fr. Navy lost!) Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns

  12. Battle of Trafalgar

  13. “Crossing the Alps,” 1805 Paul Delaroche

  14. Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns -Danube-Italy 1805: France   Britain Austria Russia(3rd Coalition) • ULM: France defeated Austria. • AUSTERLITZ: France defeated Austria & Russia. Crowned “King of Italy” on May 6, 1805

  15. Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns Confed.of theRhine 1806: France   Prussia JENA: French Troops in Berlin! BERLIN DECREES(“Continental System”) 4th Coalition created

  16. British Cartoon “Continental System” (1806-1812)

  17. Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns Poland 1806: France   Russia Grand Duchy of Warsaw FRIEDLAND: France defeated Russian troops : France occupied Konigsberg, capital of East Prussia!

  18. “Napoléon on His Imperial Throne” 1806 By Jean AugusteDominique Ingres

  19. Marie Louise(of Austria)married Napoléon on March 12, 1810 in Vienna

  20. Marie Louise(of Austria)withNapoléon’s Son (Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles: 1811-1832)

  21. Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810 ContinentalSystem 1806: France   Spain Portugal • Portugal did not comply with the Continental System. • France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal. • Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well!

  22. The Surrender of MadridMay, 1809

  23. “Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)

  24. “Napoléon in HisStudy” 1812 by David

  25. Napoléon’s Empire in 1810

  26. Napoléon’s Family Rules! • Jerome Bonaparte  King of Westphalia. • Joseph Bonaparte  King of Spain • Louise Bonaparte  King of Holland • Pauline Bonaparte  Princess of Italy • Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles (son) King of Rome • Elisa Bonaparte  Grand Duchess of Tuscany • Caroline Bonaparte  Queen of Naples

  27. Napoléon Invades Russia: 1812 614,000 French troops

  28. Moscow on Fire!

  29. Napoléon & His Grand Arméeat the Gates of Moscow

  30. Russian General Kutuzov The Russian army defeated the French at Borodino.

  31. Napoléon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813) 100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!

  32. The 6th Coalition Napoléon’sDefeat 1813-1814: France   Britain, Russia.Spain, Portugal, Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states

  33. Battle of Dresden (Aug., 26-27, 1813) • Coalition  Russians, Prussians, Austrians. • Napoléon’s forces regrouped with Polish reinforcements. • 100,000 coalition casualties; 30,000 French casualties. • French victory.

  34. Napoléon’s Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813) “Battle of the Nations” Memorial

  35. Napoléon Abdicates! • Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814. • Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender. • Napoléon abdicated again on April 11. • Treaty of Fontainbleau  exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. • The royalists took control and restoredLouis XVIII to the throne.

  36. Napoléon in Exile on Elba

  37. Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)

  38. “The War of the 7th Coalition” Napoleon’s“100 Days” France  1815:  Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states • Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815  the beginning of his 100 Days. • Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.

  39. The Congress of Vienna(September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815) • It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done: • Reduce France to its old boundaries  her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level. • Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era. • Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.

  40. Key Players at Vienna Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.) Tsar Alexander I (Rus.) The “Host”Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.) King Frederick William III (Prus.) Foreign Minister, Charles Mauricede Tallyrand (Fr.)

  41. Key Principles Established at Vienna • Balance of Power • Legitimacy • Compensation • Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years. • France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.

  42. Napoléon’s Defeat at Waterloo(June 18, 1815) Duke of Wellington Prus. General Blücher

  43. Napoléon on His Way to HisFinal Exile onSt. Helena

  44. Changes Made at Vienna (1) • France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon. • Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland). • Prussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories. • A Germanic Confederation of 39 states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule. • Austria was given back territory it had lost recently, plus more in Germany and Italy. • The House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule.

  45. Changes Made at Vienna (2) • Norway and Sweden were joined. • The neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed. • Hanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom. • Britain was given Cape Colony, South Africa, and various other colonies in Africa and Asia. • Sardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and Genoa. • The Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the Two Sicilies. • The Duchy of Parma was given to Marie Louise. • The slave trade was condemned (at British urging). • Freedom of navigation was guaranteed for many rivers.

  46. Europe After the Congress of Vienna

  47. Napoléon’s Tomb

  48. What is Napoléon’s Legacy?

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