Biodiversity and Conservation

1. Biodiversity and Conservation 7 CHAPTER

2. Brainstorm! Estimate how many different types of species are on earth, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms.

3. Scientists have identified 1.7 to 2 million species to date. HOWEVER, scientists estimate the total number of species on earth is between 3 million to 100 million!!!

4. Lesson 7.1 Our Planet of Life There are more known species of insects than any other form of life. Among known insect species, 40% are beetles.

5. Lesson 7.1 Our Planet of Life Biodiversity • Describes the variety of life across all levels of ecological organization • Includes three types: • Ecosystem diversity • Species diversity • Genetic diversity Genetic Diversity Species Diversity Ecosystem Diversity

6. Brainstorm: List the ecosystems found in Florida. Does Florida have a high Ecosystem Diversity? Lesson 7.1 Our Planet of Life Ecosystem Diversity • The number and variety of ecosystems in a given area

7. Lesson 7.1 Our Planet of Life Species Diversity • The number or variety of species in a given area Speciation increases biodiversity! Extinction decreases biodiversity!

8. Lesson 7.1 Our Planet of Life Genetic Diversity • The differences in DNA among individuals within a species • The more genetic diversity in a population, the better the chance for survival because it provides the raw materials for adaptation

9. Lesson 7.1 Our Planet of Life Lab: How genetically diverse is 1C-310?? • Work with your table. • To find percentage, take the number in the first column (Group Results) and divide it by the second column (Group Total). EXAMPLE: 2 people have curly hair / 4 people in the group = 50%

10. Other Benefits of Biodiversity Lesson 7.1 Our Planet of Life • Agriculture: Wild strains are cross-bred with related crops to transfer beneficial traits. • Medicine: Organisms contain compounds that are useful for treating disease. • Ecotourism: Environmentally responsible tourism is a source of income for many nations. The yew tree, an original source of Taxol, a cancer-fighting drug Did You Know?Of the 150 most prescribed drugs in the United States, 118 originated in nature.

11. Lesson 7.2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Causes of Biodiversity Loss • Habitat change and loss • Invasive species • Pollution • Overharvesting Siberian tiger

12. Lesson 7.2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Habitat Change and Loss • Greatest cause of biodiversity loss • Organisms, adapted to their habitat, decline in population when the habitat changes. • Habitat fragmentation: Patches of suitable habitat surrounded by unsuitable habitat • In general, larger habitat fragments can support greater biodiversity than smaller fragments. Did You Know?Habitat change or destruction is the primary cause of population decline in more than 80% of threatened birds and mammals.

13. Lesson 7.2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Invasive Species, Pollution, and Overharvesting • Invasive species can out-compete and displace native species. • Harmful chemicals and materials that make their way into habitats can poison people and wildlife. • Occasionally, species can be driven toward extinction by hunting or overharvesting by humans. Examples include Siberian tigers and passenger pigeons. Once common in North America, the passenger pigeon is now extinct.

14. Lesson 7.2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss Climate Change • Increasingly becoming a factor in biodiversity loss • Unlike the other factors, climate change will have a potentially global effect on biodiversity. Did You Know?Scientists predict that a 1.5–2.5C global temperature increase could put 20–30% of plant and animal species at increased risk of extinction.

15. Ways to Protect Biodiversity

16. Ways to Protect Biodiversity Ecosystem Approach Single Species Approach

17. Ways to Protect Biodiversity Ecosystem Approach Single Species Approach Cloning Captive Breeding Programs Species Survival Plan

18. Ways to Protect Biodiversity Ecosystem Approach Single Species Approach Wildlife Corridors Cloning Captive Breeding Programs Biodiversity Hotspots Economic Approaches Species Survival Plan

19. Lesson 7.3 Protecting Biodiversity Just 2.3% of the planet’s land surface is home to 50% of the world’s plant species and 42% of its vertebrate animal species.

20. Lesson 7.3 Protecting Biodiversity Biodiversity Hotspots • The “hotspot approach” focuses attention on areas where the greatest number of species can be protected with the least effort. • Hotspots have: • At least 1500 plant species found nowhere else in the world • Already lost 70% of their habitat as a result of human activity • The 34 biodiversity hotspots are home to 50% of Earth’s plant species and 42% of terrestrial vertebrate species. Northern Pintail ducks, Honshu, JapanJapan is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots.

21. Lesson 7.3 Protecting Biodiversity Biodiversity Hotspots

22. Lesson 7.3 Protecting Biodiversity Biodiversity Hotspots Glogster  Go to www.biodiversityhotspots.org Make a glogster and include the following information: • Location of the hotspot and type of ecosystems found there. • Describe at least one endemic plant species and one animal species found there • Describe the socio-economic conditions (pre-industrial, transitional, industrial, post-industrial) • Human induced and/or natural reasons why species biodiversity is decreasing in that region • What is being done to protect this hotspot • Any interesting information you found about the area (AKA your choice!) • LOTS of pictures and color!!