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Time Value Of Money

Time Value Of Money. Time Value of Money. Refers to the fact that one dollar in hand today is worth more than one dollar promised in the future One reason is that you could earn interest on that dollar while you wait--depends on the rate of interest. Future Value. Notice that

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Time Value Of Money

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  1. Time Value Of Money

  2. Time Value of Money • Refers to the fact that one dollar in hand today is worth more than one dollar promised in the future • One reason is that you could earn interest on that dollar while you wait--depends on the rate of interest

  3. Future Value • Notice that • 1. $110 = $100 (1 + .10) • 2. $121 = $110 (1 + .10) = $100 1.1 1.1 = $100 1.12 • 3. $133.10 = $121 (1 + .10) = $100 1.1 1.1 1.1 = $100 1.331 • In general, the future value, FVt, of $1 invested today at r% for t periods is FVt= $1 x (1 + r)t • The expression (1 + r)t is the future value interest factor.

  4. Future Value • Q. Deposit $5,000 today in an account paying 12%. How much will you have in 6 years? How much is simple interest? How much is compound interest? • A. Multiply the $5000 by the future value interest factor: $5000 (1 + r)t = $5000 ___________ = $5000 1.9738227 = $9869.1135 At 12%, the simple interest is .12 $5000 = $_____ per year. After 6 years, this is 6 $600 = $_____ ; the difference between compound and simple interest is thus $_____ - $3600 = $_____

  5. In 1934, the first edition of a book described by many as the “bible” of financial statement analysis was published. Security Analysis has proven so popular among financial analysts that it has never been out of print. According to an item in The Wall Street Journal, a copy of the first edition was sold by a rare book dealer in 1996 for $7,500. The original price of the first edition was $3.37. What is the annually compounded rate of increase in the value of the book?

  6. Set this up as a future value (FV) problem. Future value = $7,500 Present value = $3.37 t = 1996 - 1934 = 62 years • FV = PV x (1 + r)t so, $7,500 = $3.37 x (1 + r)62 (1 + r)62 = $7,500/3.37 = 2,225.52 • Solve for r: r = (2,225.52)1/62 - 1 = .1324 = 13.24%

  7. Interest on Interest Year Beginning Amount Interest Earned Ending Amount 1 $100.00 $10.00 $110.00 2 110.00 11.00 121.00 3 121.00 12.10 133.10 4 133.10 13.31 146.41 5 146.41 14.64 161.05 Total interest $61.05

  8. T5.6 Chapter 5 Quick Quiz - Part 2 of 5 • Want to be a millionaire? No problem! Suppose you are currently 21 years old, and can earn 10 percent on your money (about what the typical common stock has averaged over the last six decades - but more on that later). How much must you invest today in order to accumulate $1 million by the time you reach age 65?

  9. T5.6 Chapter 5 Quick Quiz - Part 2 of 5 (concluded) • Once again, we first define the variables: FV = $1 million r = 10 percent t = 65 - 21 = 44 years PV = ? • Set this up as a future value equation and solve for the present value: $1 million = PV x (1.10)44 PV = $1 million/(1.10)44 = $15,091. • Of course, we’ve ignored taxes and other complications, but stay tuned - right now you need to figure out where to get $15,000!

  10. T5.7 Present Value for a Lump Sum • Q. Suppose you need $20,000 in three years to pay your college tuition. If you can earn 8% on your money, how much do you need today? • A. Here we know the future value is $20,000, the rate (8%), and the number of periods (3). What is the unknown present amount (called the present value)? From before: FVt = PV x (1 + r)t $20,000 = PV x __________ Rearranging: PV = $20,000/(1.08)3 = $_____________ In general, the present value, PV, of a $1 to be received in t periods when the rate is r is $1 PV = (1 + r)t

  11. T5.8 Present Value of $1 for Different Periods and Rates (Figure 5.3) r=discount rate Presentvalueof $1 ($) 1.00 .90 .80 .70 .60 .50 .40 .30 .20 .10 r = 0% r = 5% r = 10% r = 15% r = 20% Time(years) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

  12. T5.9 Chapter 5 Quick Quiz - Part 3 of 5 • Suppose you deposit $5000 today in an account paying r percent per year. If you will get $10,000 in 10 years, what rate of return are you being offered? • Set this up as present value equation: FV = $10,000 PV = $ 5,000 t = 10 years PV = FVt/(1 + r)t $5000 = $10,000/(1 + r)10 • Now solve for r: (1 + r)10 = $10,000/$5,000 = 2.00 r = (2.00)1/10 - 1 = .0718 = 7.18 percent

  13. T5.10 Chapter 5 Quick Quiz - Part 4 of 5 • Benjamin Franklin died on April 17, 1790. In his will, he gave 1,000 pounds sterling to Massachusetts and the city of Boston. He gave a like amount to Pennsylvania and the city of Philadelphia. The money was paid to Franklin when he held political office, but he believed that politicians should not be paid for their service(!). Franklin originally specified that the money should be paid out 100 years after his death and used to train young people. Later, however, after some legal wrangling, it was agreed that the money would be paid out 200 years after Franklin’s death in 1990. By that time, the Pennsylvania bequest had grown to about $2 million; the Massachusetts bequest had grown to $4.5 million. The money was used to fund the Franklin Institutes in Boston and Philadelphia.

  14. T5.11 Summary of Time Value Calculations (Table 5.4) I. Symbols: PV = Present value, what future cash flows are worth today FVt = Future value, what cash flows are worth in the future r = Interest rate, rate of return, or discount rate per period t = number of periods C = cash amount II. Future value of C dollars invested at r percent per period for t periods: FVt = C  (1 + r)t The term (1 + r)t is called the future value interest factor and often abbreviated FVIFr,t or FVIF(r,t).

  15. T5.11 Summary of Time Value Calculations (concluded) III. Present value of C dollars to be received in t periods at r percent per period: PV = C/(1 + r)t The term 1/(1 + r)t is called thepresent value interest factor and is often abbreviated PVIFr,t or PVIF(r,t). IV. The basic present equation giving the relationship between present and future value is: PV = FVt/(1 + r)t

  16. Imprudential, Inc. has an unfunded pension liability of $425 million that must be paid in 23 years. If the relevant discount rate is 7.5 percent, what is the present value of this liability? • Future value = FV = $425 million • t = 23 • r = 7.5 percent • Present value = ? • Solution: Set this up as a present value problem. • PV = $425 million x PVIF(7.5,23) • PV = $80,536,778

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