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What is Dyslexia?. What is dyslexia?. What does the word ‘Dyslexia’ mean?. Dyslexia = difficulty with words ‘Dys’ means ‘difficulty’ ‘lexis’ means language. Specific Learning Difficulty. Hidden Disability. Learning Difference. Specific Learning Difficulties. Attention, Concentration
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What does the word ‘Dyslexia’ mean? • Dyslexia = difficulty with words • ‘Dys’ means ‘difficulty’ • ‘lexis’ means language
Specific Learning Difficulty Hidden Disability Learning Difference
Specific Learning Difficulties Attention, Concentration Planning and regulating Attention Deficit Disorder Spatial Awareness Motor-skills and co-ordination Words, sounds, Memory and sequencing Specific Language Impairment Dyspraxia (DCD) Dyslexia Dyscalculia Autistic Spectrum Disorders Interpretation in context Social significance
Research • genetic – around 10% of the population carry the gene that is linked to dyslexia • strong familial link
Research • latest research suggests it may affect as many females as males
Research • it can occur at any level of intellectual ability
Research • continuum – from mild to severe – about 4% will require specialist intervention
A Definition from the Rose Review on Dyslexia published in June 2009.
phonological awareness, verbal memory and verbal processing speed
language, motor co-ordination, mental calculation, concentration and personal organisation
severity and persistence intervention
What is dyslexia? It can affect: Literacy Phonological skills Speech and language Memory Numeracy Motor skills Organisation
What literacy difficulties does the young person with dyslexia face? He/she may not be able to read • well enough • quickly enough
Read the following text Note any hesitations, errors or other tendencies ehT. srehto eht fo ngis on llits saw erehT .pmac eht dehcaorppa yeht sa deppots dah gnignis yeht, nehT .nees eb ot eno on saw ereht woN taerg a sexob eht fo eno fo pot eht no was tuB .derbhguoroht on saw tI .god etihw eht ekilnu – tsop sti ot kcuts dah ti deraeppasid dah yehT .step rehto yeht woN .nageb tsrif elbuort eht nehw .deppart erew yehT .tops eht no erew
What literacy difficulties does the young person with dyslexia face? He/she may not be able to write • legibly • quickly • neatly Dictation @ a e i o u
Dictation You may have found that very difficult to do Could you keep up? What was your spelling like? What was your handwriting like? How did you feel? Writing quickly while concentrating on how to form the letters, how to spell the words, while also working on ideas and sequences of sentences etc. may be extremely difficult.
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What other difficulties may the young person with dyslexia face? He may not be able to remember • daily/weekly schedules • instructions • homework • spellings • facts for tests and examinations
Albert Einstein- world famous thinker and mathematician. It is thought that he was dyslexic. An example of ‘thinking differently’.
Robbie Williams, rock star, who has commented on his struggle to learn at school.
Agatha Christie, author, who wrote her books by hand in the days before computers, despite her dyslexia.
Sir Steve Redgrave, Olympic champion oarsman, who struggled at school.
Leonardo da Vinci, artist and inventor. Analysis of his writings suggests he may have been dyslexic. Another example of a person who thought ‘out of the box’.
Strengths shared by many dyslexic people Good interpersonal skills Imaginative Good at practical activities Often creative Good at 3-D, visual–spatial activities Problem solvers Lateral thinkers
A quote to leave you with….. The potential represented by the human resources of individuals is a social, cultural and economic asset that no nation can afford to neglect. When a disability such as dyslexia prevents the recognition of talent by educational institutions, the nation and the individual loses. Reforming Policy and Provision for Dyslexic Students in Higher Education: Towards a National Code of Practice' PD Pumfrey Support for Learning Volume 13 Issue 2 Page 87-90, May 1998
Research References • 10% Co-morbidity: Ramus F: Developmental dyslexia: specific phonological deficit or general sensorimotor dysfunction? • Familial Dyslexia: Nopola-Hemmi J: Familial Dyslexia Genetic and neuropsychological findings • Shaywitz et al (1990) • Lefly & Pennington (1991) • Wolf & Melngailis (1994) • Wood et al (1991) • Gender bias:Anderson KG: Annals of Dyslexia, vol 47 No1 Dec 1997 pp 151 - 162. Gender Bias and Special Education Referrals.
Image references http://i.ehow.com/images/GlobalPhoto/Articles/4665991/j0399215-main_Full.jpg http://mse.iastate.edu/images/microscopy/opt_microscope.jpg