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Unveiling Earthquake Waves: Understanding Seismic Energy

Explore earthquake waves – P waves, S waves, and surface waves - how they travel, the impact on Earth's surface, measuring earthquake strength, and locating the epicenter.

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Unveiling Earthquake Waves: Understanding Seismic Energy

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  1. "Waves" Write out a list with as many examples of waves can you come up with?

  2. Earthquake – Rocks Move

  3. Earthquakes And Seismic Waves

  4. EQ: • How does the energy of an earthquake travel through Earth? • What are the different kinds of seismic waves? • How do scientists locate the epicenter of an earthquake?

  5. How earthquakes happen

  6. focus- focus- the point where a rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake

  7. epicenter- the point on the surface directly above the focus epicenter- * the energy released during an earthquake is greatest at the epicenter epicenter

  8. A) Seismic Waves (a) vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake (b) carry the energy of an earthquake away from the focus, through Earth’s interior, and across the surface (c) travel outward away from the focus in all directions (d) There are three categories of seismic waves: - P waves - S waves - surface waveshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOGoKCK17a4

  9. 1) Primary Waves (P waves) (a) the first waves to arrive (b) compress and expand the ground (c) the particles of the crust vibrate forward and back along the path of the wave (d) can travel through both solids and liquids

  10. 2) Secondary Waves (S waves) (a) arrive after P waves (b) vibrate side to side as well as up and down (c) when they reach the surface, they shake violently (d) cannot move through liquids

  11. 3) Surface Waves (a) are formed by P waves and S waves when they reach the surface (b) move more slowly than P waves and S waves (c) produce the most severe ground movements (d) can move up and down or shake side to side

  12. B) Detecting Seismic Waves 1. Seismograph (a) records the ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through the Earth Video

  13. C) Measuring Earthquakes 1. magnitude (a) a measurement of earthquake strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults

  14. 2. The Mercalli Scale (a) developed to rate earthquakes according to their intensity (b) 12 steps describe how earthquakes affect people, buildings and the land surface

  15. 3. The Richter Scale (a) a rating of the size of seismic waves as measured by a particular type of mechanical seismograph (b) provides accurate measurements for small, nearby earthquakes

  16. 4. The Moment Magnitude Scale (a) used by today’s geologist to estimate the total energy released by an earthquake (b) can be used to rate earthquakes of all sizes, near or far

  17. D) Locating the Epicenter

  18. D) Locating the Epicenter

  19. D) Locating the Epicenter

  20. D) Locating the Epicenter (1) geologists use the speed at which seismic waves travel and measure the difference between arrival times between P waves and S waves

  21. Review

  22. What are vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake called? seismic waves

  23. What are the three types of seismic waves? P waves, S waves, and Surface waves

  24. What are three scales for measuring earthquakes? Mercalli scale, Richter scale, and the moment magnitude scale

  25. How does the energy form an earthquake reach Earth’s surface seismic waves

  26. How do P waves travel? straight outward from the focus; compress and expanding the ground

  27. How do S waves travel? vibrate side to side and up and down as they travel

  28. How do surface waves travel? move along the surface more slowly than P and S waves

  29. What type of seismic wave arrives first? P waves

  30. What type of wave can travel through both liquids and solids P waves

  31. What type of seismic wave causes the most damage? surface waves

  32. What system do geologist use today for rating the magnitude of an earthquake? the moment magnitude scale

  33. What is the point where a rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake? focus

  34. What is a seismograph? a device that records the ground movements caused by seismic waves

  35. What is magnitude? the strength of earthquakes as measured by seismic waves and movement along faults

  36. Explain the method that geologist use to locate the epicenter of an earthquake they use the lag time between the P waves and S waves from 3 different reporting seismograph stations to calculate the distance from the epicenter. Using 3 different gives them triangulation

  37. The End

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