Empires of the 1300s

1. Empires of the 1300s By Jared Fenton and Allison Langer

2. When did it happen? • The empires of the 1300s emerged in the early 1300s AD. The conclusion of this time period was in the early 1400s when Europe began to emerge as another world power. China – 1300 AD

3. What Happened?Before the Empires of the 1300s • 100 AD – Rome and China are the two world powers. • Rome was in control of the Mediterranean from Spain to the Middle East. • China was in control of much of East Asia. • In about 1300 AD, Christianity, which had been the tool used by Rome to become a world power, lost its popularity and Rome fell. • The religion of Islam became very popular, taking Christianity’s place because of how it was able to blend the cultures of many earlier civilizations together. The Roman Empire

4. What Happened? The Emergence of the Eastern Empires • With Islam on the rise, previous trade routes formed during Rome’s rule were destroyed and replaced with routes traveling trough Islamic countries. • The civilizations along these trade routes became the new Empires – The Empires of the 1300s. • China kept its Empire because they were taken over by the Mongols, who were an Islamic group of people. New Islamic Trade Routes

5. What Happened? The Emergence of the Western Empires • Two huge Empires were formed in the Americas. • In Mexico, the Aztecs had created a huge empire by driving out the Ancient Indian tribe Tapanec and gaining control of the Mexico Basin, a huge body of water that went along the coast of Mexico. • The Aztecs then took control of all the Mexican cities along the coastline and gained total and complete power throughout Mexico. • Meanwhile in South America another Indian Tribe named the Inca were creating a vast empire. Just like the Aztecs, the Inca had gained their empire through conquest. • The Inca had a very skilled army, which they used to take control of the land from the Equator to the Pacific coast of Chile and make their name as the largest Native American society. The Aztec Empire and Mexico Basin

6. Who was Involved?Africa – Mali Empire • Several African kingdoms grew wealthy from trade • Muslim rulers from Mali sent ambassadors to cities in the Middle East • Muslim scholars flocked to Timbuktu where Islamic learning took place Mali Empire

7. Who was involved?India- The Delhi Sultanate Empire • Sultans in Delhi reigned over wealthy courts • India had silks, cotton, and spices • Merchants sailed to Mombasa in East Africa or to Guangzhou in China • The Ghurid conquerors founded the Delhi sultanate, the country's first Muslim kingdom, in the early 13th century. However, ruling such a massive territory proved difficult, and the sultanate finally yielded to the advances of the Islamic Turkic conqueror Timur in 1398. Delhi Sultanate Empire

8. Who was involved?China- The Mongol Empire • Mongols, nomads from central Asia, conquered China in the 1200s • The Mongol emperor, Kublai Khan, set up a highway system in order to control China. This network of roads encouraged trade between China and the Middle East. • Other nations were impressed by the Chinese inventions such as paper and gunpowder • The largest land based empire in the world thus far, conquered all of China, Korea modern-day Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan, and Ukraine and Hungary The Mongol Empire

9. Who was involved?Mexico- The Aztec Empire • By the late 1300s, expansion of the empire and tribute from conquered states combined with local productivity to bring great prosperity to the Aztecs. The vast territory to be administered called for a large bureaucracy, and the development of urban Tenochtitlán caused Aztec society to develop multiple classes The Aztec Empire

10. Who was involved?Andes Mountains - The Incan Empire • Viracocha, the eighth Incan ruler, conquered surrounding tribes of Cuzco and put them under his rule. The ruthlessness he displayed became the standard of the Incan empire. • The Incan Empire was very modern • Women were given many of the same rights that the Incan men were. • Resources and the Incan’s advanced irrigation system led to a growth in the Incan population. The Incan Empire

11. How did the Empires of the 1300s Shape the World? • Throughout the Eastern Empires trade flourished. Goods were carried from India and China to the Middle East and Africa along the new trade routes formed by Islamic leaders. • In China in particular, huge sums of money were earned. The Chinese highway system made trade very easy and encouraged trade with China specifically because that’s where the highway was based.

12. How did the Empires of the 1300s Shape the World? Continued… • This gaining of great wealth throughout the Islamic world and the Americas (where the Aztecs and Incas gained their wealth by controlling almost everything) ended up being the first steps to creating modernized and industrialized civilizations throughout the world. • Rulers throughout the Empires set up schools to educate their population, which led to technologies such as gunpowder and paper being created. These technologies ended up being key determinants in whether or not a country had been industrialized. Chinese Papyrus

13. How did the Empires of the 1300s Shape the World? Europe’s Emergence • It was also because of the Empires of the 1300s that Europe was able to eventually become an empire itself. • In the 1400s Europe used the new technologies that were created by the Empires of the 1300s to expand their territory. • They were also able to gain a share of the Empire’s trade routes. • This resulted in them gaining the capital to industrialize and ultimately enter into the Age of Imperialism along with the other Empires of the 1300s. Europe – 1400 AD

14. Works Cited

15. Works Cited Continued…

16. Works Cited Continued…

17. Picture Citations • http://www.uoregon.edu/~dluebke/WesternCiv102/Europe1400.jpg (Slide 13) • http://historyofscience.com/G2I/timeline/images/ebers_papyrus.png (Slide 12) • http://www.hintonlibrary.org/_images/clipart/world-earth-day.jpg (Slide 11) • http://www.plu.edu/~arnoldwp/img/aztec-empire.jpg (Slide 5) • http://ycdl4.yukoncollege.yk.ca/~agraham//nost202/module3/cphistory/graphics/roman_empire.jpg (Slide 3) • http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/medieval/briceset/brice1300.jpg (Slide 4) • http://www.nationsonline.org/maps/chinese_dynasty_maps/Yuan_Dynasty_Map.jpg (Slide 2) • Ahmad, Iftikhar, Herbert Brodsky, Marylee S. Crofts, and Elisabeth G. Ellis. World cultures a global mosaic. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. Print. (Slide 1) • http://media.photobucket.com/image/The%20inca%20empire/YYZ_FAQs/Uncharted/Inca_Empire.jpg (Slide 10) • http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/aztecs/aztec-empire-map.jpg (Slide 9) • http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/global/themes/interdependence/images/mongol.gif (Slide 8) • http://countryturkmenistan.tripod.com/index.blog/1160667/indoturkmenistan-relations-and-the-formation-of-cultural-heritage-of-turkmenistan-in-middle-ages/DelhiSultanateMap.jpg (Slide 7) • http://www.blackpast.org/files/blackpast_images/mali_empire.jpg (Slide 6)