Splash Screen

1. Splash Screen

2. Chapter Introduction Section 1:The North’s Economy Section 2:The North’s People Section 3:Southern Cotton Kingdom Section 4:The South’s People Visual Summary Chapter Menu

3. The North’s Economy Essential QuestionWhat innovations in industry, travel, and communications changed the lives of Americans in the 1800s? Chapter Intro

4. The North’s People Essential QuestionHow did immigration have an impact on cities, industry, and culture in the North? Chapter Intro

5. Southern Cotton Kingdom Essential QuestionHow did the South’s industry and economy differ from the industry and economy of the North? Chapter Intro

6. The South’s People Essential QuestionHow did unique elements of culture develop among enslaved African Americans in the South? Chapter Intro

7. Chapter Time Line

8. Chapter Time Line

9. Chapter Preview-End

10. What innovations in industry, travel, and communications changed the lives of Americans in the 1800s? Section 1-Essential Question

11. Reading Guide Content Vocabulary • clipper ship • telegraph • Morse code Academic Vocabulary • innovation • transform Section 1-Key Terms

12. Reading Guide (cont.) Key People and Events • Elias Howe • Robert Fulton • Peter Cooper • Samuel Morse • John Deere • Cyrus McCormick Section 1-Key Terms

13. A B C D Which do you think is the most important innovation of the 1800s? A.The expanding railway system B.Faster communication C.Faster ships and trains D.More efficient manufacturing methods Section 1-Polling Question

14. Technology and Industry Industry, travel, and communications greatly expanded during the 1800s. Section 1

15. Technology and Industry (cont.) • Innovations in industry and technology began to change the way Americans worked, traveled, and communicated. • Elias Howe invented the sewing machine in 1846, which helped workers produce clothing on a large scale. Section 1

16. Technology and Industry (cont.) • Transportation improved greatly between 1800 and 1850. • Thousands of miles of roadways, railways, and canals were built. • Robert Fulton built the first steamboat in 1807. Railroad Expansion, 1860 Section 1

17. Technology and Industry (cont.) • Improved clipper ships completed the voyage from New York to Great Britain in half the time of the older models. • Peter Cooperdesigned and built the first steam locomotive, which transformed trade in the nation’s interior. Section 1

18. Technology and Industry (cont.) • Communication also improved with the invention of the telegraph by Samuel Morse. • Telegraph messages were sent in a series of dots and dashes known as Morse Code. Section 1

19. A B C D What happened in the first phase of industrialization in the North? A.Factory workers used machinery to perform some of their work. B.Manufacturers made products by dividing the tasks involved among the workers. C.Waterpower and steam power were used to produce more products in less time. D.Manufacturers built factories to bring specialized workers together. Section 1

20. Agriculture Revolutionary inventions in the 1830s changed farming methods, and agriculture became more profitable. Section 1

21. Agriculture (cont.) • In the early 1800s, few farmers wanted to work the land of the Great Plains because the land seemed too difficult for farming. Section 1

22. Agriculture (cont.) • Three inventions enabled settlers to begin cultivating larger areas of the Midwest. • John Deere invented the steel-tipped plow. • Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaper • The mechanical thresher also made separating wheat grain more efficient. Section 1

23. A B C D Why were American farmers reluctant to cultivate large areas in the Midwest? A.They feared tornadoes wiping out their crops B.Their wooden plows could not break through the prairie sod. C.They did not have access to new markets in which to sell their harvest D.The border dispute with Mexico made the Midwest unstable. Section 1

24. Section 1-End

25. How did immigration have an impact on cities, industry, and culture in the North? Section 2-Essential Question

26. Reading Guide Content Vocabulary • trade union • strike • prejudice • discrimination • famine • nativist Academic Vocabulary • community • license Section 2-Key Terms

27. Reading Guide (cont.) Key People and Events • Henry Boyd • Samuel Cornish • John B. Russwurm • Macon B. Allen • Sarah G. Bagley • Know-Nothing Party Section 2-Key Terms

28. A B C D What do you think is the most important reason people came to the United States from Europe? A.To find freedom and liberty B.To find more abundant jobs C.To escape religious persecution D.To find adventure Section 2-Polling Question

29. Northern Factories Many workers in the mid-1800s saw the need for reforms in working conditions. Section 2

30. Northern Factories (cont.) • Between 1820 and 1860, America’s manufacturing shifted to the factory system with machines taking over more production tasks. • Safety, long hours, and poor working conditions became a major concern for American factory workers. • Trade unions,organized to demand rights for workers, staged strikes when necessary to put pressure on employers. Section 2

31. Northern Factories (cont.) • Though the North was largely free of slavery by the 1830s, prejudice and discrimination remained. • Few African Americans were allowed to vote. • Most communitieswould not allow free African Americans to attend public schools. Section 2

32. Northern Factories (cont.) • Some African Americans did become successful in business, including Henry Boyd, Samuel Cornish and John B. Russwurm. • Macon B. Allenbecame the first African American licensed to practice law in the United States. • Women received less pay than men and were excluded from unions. Sarah G. Bagley helped to pave the way for protection for female workers. Section 2

33. A B C D What prompted workers to organize trade unions? A.Steadily worsening conditions and poor pay B.Too many immigrants taking factory jobs C.Discrimination against women and African Americans in the workforce D.The rise of the Know-Nothing Party Section 2

34. The Rise of Cities European immigrants often faced hardships and discrimination when they settled in Northern cities. Section 2

35. The Rise of Cities (cont.) • Many people flocked to East Coast cities where factory work was readily available. • A terrible famine in Ireland brought more than 1.4 million Irish immigrants to the United States between 1846 and 1860. • Many Germans settled in the Midwest and western territories. Immigration in the Mid-1800s Section 2

36. The Rise of Cities (cont.) • Immigration brought new languages, cultures, religions, and traditions to the United States. • Immigrants faced discrimination from nativists who feared the newcomers would take jobs from American-born citizens. • The American Party, also known as the Know-Nothing Party, called for stricter citizenship laws. Nativism Section 2

37. A B C D The American Party was sometimes called the Know-Nothing Party because A.Its opponents believed party members knew nothing about the important issues. B.Party members did not support education. C.Party members responded to questions about the group by saying “I know nothing.” D.Party members were mainly Catholics who knew nothing about Protestantism. Section 2

38. Section 2-End

39. How did the South’s industry and economy differ from the industry and economy of the North? Section 3-Essential Question

40. Reading Guide Content Vocabulary • cotton gin • capital Academic Vocabulary • consequence • process Section 3-Key Terms

41. Reading Guide (cont.) Key People and Events • Eli Whitney • William Gregg • Joseph Reid Anderson Section 3-Key Terms

42. A B C D What do you think contributed most to the continued use of enslaved workers in the South? A.The invention of the cotton gin B.The rise of cotton as the dominant cash crop in the South C.The sparse population of the South D.The lack of industry and factory work in the South Section 3-Polling Question

43. Rise of the Cotton Kingdom The economy in the South, unlike that in the North, remained largely agricultural. Section 3

44. Rise of the Cotton Kingdom (cont.) • The Southern economy was expanding rapidly but relied heavily on slavery. Cotton Production, 1820–1860 Section 3

45. Rise of the Cotton Kingdom (cont.) • The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney dramatically increased the production of cotton. Whitney’s invention had important consequences. • Since the cotton gin processed cotton so quickly, farmers wanted to plant more cotton to increase their profits. Cotton Production, 1820–1860 Section 3

46. Rise of the Cotton Kingdom (cont.) • More cotton planted meant that more slaves were needed to work the fields. • The value of enslaved people increased because of their key role in producing cotton. Cotton Production, 1820–1860 Section 3

47. A B C D By how much did Whitney’s cotton gin increase production of cotton per day? A.10 times more B.50 times more C.100 times more D.It did not increase cotton production at all. Section 3

48. Industry in the South Industry developed slowly in the South for a variety of reasons. Section 3

49. Industry in the South (cont.) • Industry developed slowly in the South for many reasons. • Cotton sales were extremely profitable. • Southerners lacked the capital to invest in businesses. Economics & History Section 3

50. Industry in the South (cont.) • The market for manufactured goods was small since the large population of enslaved people had no money to buy merchandise. • Many Southerners did not want industry. • William Gregg and Joseph Reid Anderson were two rare examples of successful Southern industrialists. Economics & History Section 3