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Canadian History 1201

Canadian History 1201. Unit 3: Canada in the 1920’s. SCO: Students are expected to be able to demonstrate an understanding of Canada in the 1920’s of the: 1. Economic 2. Political 3. Social conditions. 3.1 Economics.

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Canadian History 1201

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  1. Canadian History 1201 Unit 3: Canada in the 1920’s

  2. SCO: Students are expected to be able to demonstrate an understanding of Canada in the 1920’s of the: • 1. Economic • 2. Political • 3. Social conditions

  3. 3.1 Economics • 3.1: Economic conditions: experiences of returning soldiers, rise of the union movement, urban manufacturing centres, and uneven prosperity

  4. 1. Economics in the 1920’s • Economy first went into a slump • Munitions factories closed • Many workers laid off • Industries shifted from wartime production to production of consumer goods

  5. Returning Soldiers: • Returning soldiers were disappointed. Unemployed. Bitter • Veterans resented fact some business people made huge profits from the war, while they risked their lives • Felt country owed them a job and a chance to make a decent living

  6. Pressure on women to return to household. Men wanted to work • People who had jobs were not much better off • Price of food and clothing greatly increased. Wages stayed same • Cost of living doubled from 1914-1919

  7. Housing was scarce and rent was high • Inflation was a problem

  8. Economy (cont’d) • Led to labor unrest and development of union movement • Fears of Communist revolution • Strikes became very predominant • Best example is the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919

  9. Economy (cont’d) • Winnipeg General Strike of 1919: • 6 week strike between building, metal workers and their employers • Largest revolt in Canadian history • Workers wanted better pay and working conditions • Approx 30,000 people went on strike to support the workers • City unable to function • Sparked strikes across the country

  10. Winnipeg General Strike: • Clash between strikers and police • One man killed and many injured on Bloody Saturday • Result? • Factory owners, government and police defeated workers • Drew attention to poor economic and social conditions for workers • Encouraged workers to look to political parties for support

  11. Video: • Winnipeg General Strike • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WfhIyhZ8XEk

  12. Questions: • 1. How would you feel being a striker during the Winnipeg General Strike? • 2. How would you feel being a returning veteran? • 3. Should government be involved in union and industry disputes?

  13. Economic Boom • By 1923-24 the economic slump was over • World economy soared • Big demand for canadian wheat • Demand for iron ore, nickel, zinc and other minerals caused a mining boom

  14. Pulp and paper industry expanded • Automobile production increased • Production of household appliances increased (radios, record players, electrical appliances) • Cities specialized: Hamilton (steel), Montreal (manufacturing), Windsor (automobiles)

  15. Many moved to the cities from the farms. Costs were high. Inexperienced farmers exhausted land

  16. The economy returned to peacetime production • Primary industries still important • Secondary industries focused on production of automobiles and consumer goods

  17. Consumer culture developed • Manufacturing centres grew • American branch plants became established

  18. American investment in Canada… • The benefits? • Jobs • More products • Cheaper vehicles

  19. American investment in Canada… • The problems? • Profits sent to US • Less research and development

  20. American Investment in Canada…an Activity

  21. Life in the 1920’s • Fad’s: • Crosswords • Races and contests (talking, kissing, eating, dancing, sitting, rocking chair)

  22. Life in the 1920’s • Flappers • Young women dressed outrageously • Bobbed hairstyle • Hemlines above knee • Silk stockings rolled down

  23. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3svvCj4yhYc

  24. Life in the 1920’s • Inventions: • Radio: provided cheap entertainment • Crystal radios: need headphones

  25. Inventions: • Radio: Foster Hewitt • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHoort42IOI

  26. Inventions: • Ted Rogers: first battery less radio • Marconi company: first commercial radio station in 1919

  27. Life in the 1920’s • Inventions: • Automobile: Henry Ford developed and manufactured the first auto people could afford • Ford used mass production and assembly line

  28. Life in the 1920’s • Inventions: • Model T: first affordable car

  29. Life in the 1920’s: Entertainment • Music: Jazz Age • Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong

  30. Barnstorming: • Former WWI pilots became stunt pilots • Selling rides • Traveling from place to place • Stunts: diving, loop the loop, hanging from the wings

  31. Trans Atlantic Flight: • Charles Lindbergh did the first trans Atlantic flight • New York to Paris • Made the world smaller

  32. Film: The “Silver Screen”: • Silent films • “Talkies” (1900 & 1923) • Charlie Chaplin and Mary Pickford

  33. Sports: • Sprinter Percy Williams • Gold at the 1928 Olympics

  34. Lionel Conacher: wrestling, hockey, lacrosse, baseball • Top athlete • Athlete of the Year Award

  35. Fanny Bobbie Rosenfeld • Sprinter • Top female athlete -up to 1950

  36. Barnstorming Video: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6wwizIzkmY

  37. Canadian Politics in the 1920’s • Western farmers were unhappy with gov’t policies during WWI • Unhappy with high tariffs that meant machinery cost more • War Measures Act • Conscription • Farmers developed provincial political parties to protect their concerns

  38. In the 1920’s, United Farmers formed gov’t in Alberta, Manitoba and Ontario • At the federal level, the United Farms groups in Ontario and the prairies formed a new party called the Progressive party

  39. The Progressive party received support from unhappy farmers and labor groups

  40. The Progressives could have become the official opposition but refused so their members could speak freely on issues • Minority Liberals had to keep Progressives support

  41. In trying to win Progressives support Liberals adopted the following policies: • Old age pensions • Tariff reform

  42. Roaring 20’s: A Review • Years of economic boom and industrial growth • People enjoyed prosperity in a variety of ways • New inventions led to changes in leisure time

  43. Movies and radio brought changes to entertainment • New interest in the arts, fashion, sports • Women’s rights were at the forefront

  44. Women and Politics in the 1920’s • Women could vote in the 1920’s • Agnes MacPhail was the first woman MP • From Ontario • Elected in 1921, 1925, 1926 and 1930 elections • Member of the Progressives Party

  45. MacPhail was the only female MP for 14 years

  46. Women had more opportunities in the workplace • Still many political barriers • Could not hold non-political office (judges & senators) • Many still thought women should not have political equality • Not regarded as “persons” in the law

  47. Women and the Law: The “Persons” Case • BNA declared women are persons in terms of pain and penalties, but not in terms of rights and privileges • Famous Five of Alberta launched an appeal to the Supreme Court

  48. Wanted to recognize women under the law • Supreme Court ruled against the women

  49. Famous Five appealed to British government • In 1929, Britain declared women were persons, could be appointed to Senate • In 1931, Cairine Wilson was appointed as Canada’s first woman Senator

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