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HOMOPHOBIA:

HOMOPHOBIA: . Effects on Heterosexuals. Video Extracts. A series of short extracts from various television programmes over the years discussing changes in the law. They reveal the personal homophobia of several individuals. PSYCHOLOGICAL.

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HOMOPHOBIA:

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  1. HOMOPHOBIA: Effects on Heterosexuals

  2. Video Extracts • A series of short extracts from various television programmes over the years discussing changes in the law. They reveal the personal homophobia of several individuals.

  3. PSYCHOLOGICAL • Do not internalise stigmatised (inferior) sexual identity – internalise superior sexual identity resulting in higher self esteem • (But may have internalised stigmatised identity in relation to race, gender, disability, class…) • Not dealing with demons of homophobia during adolescence, not question ‘who am I?’ in relation to sexual orientation –get on with‘being straight’ - developing social skills, relationship skills, communication skills, get on with education/exams • Affects attitudes and behaviour

  4. ATTITUDES • 1983: 50% of adults surveyed believed sexual relationships between people of same-sex always wrong • 1985: 59% (AIDS) • 1989: 58% • 1992: • 41% always wrong between two men • 37% always wrong between two women • 23% ok between stable gay/lesbian couple • 2008: 36% thought homosexual acts were always or mostly wrong

  5. Shire Professional (2009) • 60 people 18-65 years • Tested on attitudes towards age, ethnic origin, gender, religion, disability, sexual orientation • Main prejudice sexual orientation • 7% strongly anti-gay • 3% anti-lesbian • A further 35% anti-gay predilection • A further 41% anti-lesbian prejudice • These negative implicit attitudes were stronger than those for age, gender, religion, disability and ethnic origin • 28% prejudice against Asian people • 25% against Black people • 17% against South East Asian people

  6. Shire Professional “…it’s likely that those participants with a very strong homophobic attitude would routinely behave in a discriminatory way.”

  7. Less personal contact with LGs Believed in conservative religious ideology Held traditional views about sex roles More likely to: Have grown up in rural area Be older Be less well-educated Men Live outside London Social classes A/B and D/E Uneducated Tory voters Older Times/Telegraph/Mail readers Church of England PEOPLE WITH MORE HOMOPHOBIC VIEWS

  8. BELIEFS = BEHAVIOUR = One extreme:Less Powerful People • HHC is prevalent all over the UK (remember, so is hate crime based on race, gender, disability…) • Approximate levels experienced:

  9. Things are getting better? • 1998 ACTION research (15): • 67% experienced • 2001 GALYIC research (49): • 55% in last 5 years • 70% women • 25% men • 2008 Ten Years On (50): • 76% experienced • 2009 within space of 3 months: 5 GALYIC members attacked

  10. Dec 1987: L.A. Tory leader, after watching film on safer sex said: “The film said how to avoid AIDS, but it did not say specifically stop being queer. It’s disgusting and diabolical. As a cure I would put 90% of them in the ruddy gas chamber. Are we going to keep letting these queers trade their filth up and down the country?” 2004: Tory councillor tries to stop grant to GALYIC. 1994: Dr Colin Newman, executive secretary of British Psychological Society said “By accepting a Section devoted to the study of lesbianism, the Society will be giving a public signal that it endorses behaviour which, by the biblical standards they personally seek to follow, is incompatible with their own standards of morality.” Took another 4 years to set up LGB section. BELIEFS = BEHAVIOUR = A second extremePowerful People: Stopping Support

  11. BELIEFS = BEHAVIOUR = a third extreme:Families & Friends • Most LGBTs experience pressure from family members/friends to conform to heterosexuality/gender roles • Usually a lot of verbal and psychological pressure and abuse, sometimes also physical and sexual abuse • If not conform, isolate/reject/refuse support • Recent US research highlights significant effects of parental rejection/non-acceptance

  12. Mori Poll: Influences

  13. Exercise • Hand out Personal Homophobia Questionnaire • Complete individually • Discuss findings in small group • Feedback

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