Fall of Rome: Causes and Consequences

1. 16 April 2018 • Please have your HW Out- RIGHT AWAY TO TURN IN • 6 minutes to finish posters for presentations • Fall of Rome Packet • Fall of Rome PowerPoint • Last page of your packet • HW : Study/Review Notes • Chapter 11.3 (and Document Analysis) assessment on Wednesday

2. The End of the Empire 11.3 Notes

3. 17 April 2018 • Please have your Chapter 11 part 3 note packets out • Fall of Rome PowerPoint • Last page of your packet-finish up today • Interactive Story-the fall of Rome • Return a lot of papers • HW : Study/Review Notes • Chapter 11.3 (and Document Analysis) assessment tomorrow

4. Problems in the Empire • For centuries after the rule of its first emperor, begun in 27 B.C., the Roman Empire was the most powerful state in the ancient world. • Rome continued to expand to include 3 continents: • Asia • Europe • Africa • At its height, the Roman Empire included all land around the Mediterranean Sea • By the end of the 200s, emperors had to give up some of the land the Roman Army had conquered • Empire had become too large to defend or govern efficiently.

5. Map of Roman Empire circa AD 116

6. External Threats • Even as emperors were giving up territory, new threats were appearing: • Germanic warriors attacked Rome’s northern borders. • At the same time, Persian armies invaded in the east • The Romans pay the Goths to keep the Goths out of Rome. • This worked until they stopped paying in 408 CE • ROME IS SACKED! 410 CE – no one had attacked the city in 800 years!

7. Invasions

8. Internal Threats • Border raids made people living near the borders nervous • Over time, people abandoned their lands • To grow enough food, Romans invited Germanic farmers to grow crops on land • These farmers came from the same tribes that threatened Rome’s borders • In time, whole German communities had moved into the empire-they chose their own leaders, largely ignored emperors

9. Other Problems…when in Rome • Disease swept thRough the empire, killing many people (Spencer Massey cried on the first day of 6th grade) • Government also had to increase taxes to pay for defense

10. Division of the Empire • Diocletian became emperor in the late 200’s • Convinced the empire was too big, he split and ruled the eastern half and named a co-emperor for the western half • Constantine reunited the empire and moved the capital east to what is now Turkey • “Constantinople”: The city of Constantine • Rome no longer a central power, instead power moved east

12. “In 476 C.E. Romulus, the last of the Roman emperors in the west, was overthrown by the Germanic leader Odoacer, who became the first Barbarian to rule in Rome. The order that the Roman Empire had brought to western Europe for 1000 years was no more.” ushistory.org The Day Rome Fell

14. With your Partner • Look at your last answer – using your homework – list 6 Reasons why Rome fell • 1 External • 5 Internal (though there are more!) • Political • Economic • Social • You have 5 min!

15. Map of Roman Empire circa AD 116

16. Invasions

17. Internal Forces 3 Main Categories: Political Economic Social External Forces - Invaders, also called barbarians The Fall of Rome

18. External Threat - Invasions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOnkc0xFDW4

19. Internal Forces

20. Internal Political • Corruption in government • Plebeians had no rights • Empire too large to control • Emperors plotted against each other for control instead of uniting • Civil wars • Government lost loyalty as patricians moved to villas and stopped caring about government • Army deteriorates

21. Internal - Economic • Slavery • Unemployment • Welfare system • Taxation • Forced labor • Decrease in trade

22. Internal - Social • Loss of citizen’s confidence and loyalty • Population declines • Lead Poisoning? • Too many cultures • “Bread and circuses” • Plague • Closing of Schools • Religion Switch?

23. Factors that helped lead to the fall of the Western Roman Empire • Possible answers: • Foreign invasions • Corruption in the government • Closing of schools • Rising taxes and prices • Size of the empire

24. https://www.walksofitaly.com/blog/rome/the-list-of-craziest-ancient-roman-emperorshttps://www.walksofitaly.com/blog/rome/the-list-of-craziest-ancient-roman-emperors

25. Oh, those crazy emperors! • CALIGULA (ruled 37-41 AD) • Why he’s wacky: • He wandered the palace throughout the night instead of sleeping • Flew into public rages • Spoke to the moon and to Jupiter as if they were in confidence • In the best-known story, he made his horse a senator, building it a stable of marble and inviting people to have dinner with the horse.

26. Oh, those crazy emperors! • NERO (ruled 54-68 AD) • Why he’s wacky: • He divorced his first wife, then had her beheaded and brought her head to Rome so his second wife could gloat over it. • He kicked his second wife, Poppaea, to death. • He also killed his own mother • Nero climbed a stage and sang (not fiddled!) while Rome burned seems almost benign.

27. Oh, those crazy emperors! • COMMODUS (ruled 180-192 AD) • Why he’s wacky: • A complete megalomaniac who even renamed Rome after himself • Commodus also was obsessed with gladiatorial combat. He performed personally in hundreds of games, often appearing both in and out of the stadium in the guise of Hercules — complete with lion skin and club!

28. Oh, those crazy emperors! • ELAGABALUS (ruled 218-222) • Why he’s wacky: • He became ruler at just 14. • When he came to Rome as emperor, he brought with him his worship for the eastern god Elagabalus — building a new temple, making animal sacrifices to the god each morning, and ordering that the god take precedence before all Roman gods, even Jupiter. • The emperor also had children sacrificed – and believed this helped him tell the future.