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Phrase S tructure Rules & Drawing Trees

Phrase S tructure Rules & Drawing Trees . Lec . 10. Introduction . A phrase structure tree is a formal device for representing the knowledge that a speaker has of the structure of sentences in his language. . Introduction .

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Phrase S tructure Rules & Drawing Trees

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  1. Phrase Structure Rules & Drawing Trees Lec. 10

  2. Introduction A phrase structure tree is a formal device for representing the knowledge that a speaker has of the structure of sentences in his language.

  3. Introduction When we look at phrase structure trees that represent the sentences of English, certain patterns emerge. The S always subdivides into NP Aux VP NPs always contain Nouns VPs always contain Verbs PPs consist of a preposition followed by a Noun Phrase APs consist of an Adjective possibly followed by a complement

  4. Introduction A speaker’s knowledge of the permissible and impermissible structures must exist as a finite set of rules that generate or provide a tree for, any sentence in the language. These are phrase structure rules

  5. NP  Det N The phrase structure rule that makes this explicit is: NP  Det. N A Noun Phrase can contain a Determiner followed by a Noun A Determiner followed by a Noun is a Noun Phrase

  6. Phrase structure rules & word order The left of the arrow is the category whose component appear on the right side. The right side of the arrow also shows the linear order of these components. E.g. NP  Det. N the color Revising the rule NP  Det. N (PP) the color of your hair

  7. Phrase structure rules The phrase structure trees also show that the following phrase structure rules are also part of the grammar of English: VP  V (NP) VP  V (NP) (PP) Rules 1 and 2 can be summed up in one statement: A Verb Phrase may be a Verb followed by a Noun Phrase, which may or may not be followed by a Prepositional Phrase. VP  V NP (PP)

  8. Example The child slept in the kitchen VP  V (NP) (PP) The child slept The child ate a strawberry The child bought a candy from the shop

  9. To sum up S  NP Aux VP NP  Det. N (PP) VP  V (NP) (PP) PP  P NP AP  Adj. (PP)

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