Get a whiteboard rag marker

1. Get awhiteboardragmarker

2. Verbals Participles, Gerunds, Infinitives Goal: I will be able to identify and correctly punctuate verbals.

3. What is a verbal? • A verbal is a verb functioning as some other part of speech. • There are three types of verbals: participles, gerunds, and infinitives.

4. What is a participle? • A participle is a verb functioning as an adjective.

5. Well, what is an adjective? • What is an adjective? • A word that modifies a noun or pronoun. • Adjectives answer the questions which one? and how many?

6. Participles • A participle is a verb functioning as an adjective. • There are two types of participles: past and present. • Past participles end in –ed • Present participles end in -ing

7. Note!! • Be aware of irregular verbs with –n, -t, or –en endings • Example: torn, lost, written, etc.

8. Example • A ragingfire destroyed the uninsuredbuilding. • What kind of fire? Raging (present participle) • What kind of building? Uninsured (past participle)

9. Choose the word that is the participle in each sentence.

10. The moving van was parked beneath the tree. moving

11. The beaten eggs are in the bowl on the counter by the microwave. beaten

12. I enjoy freezing temperatures in the winter. freezing

13. The growling dog scared away the children from the park. growling

14. The whistling wind made an eerie sound at night. whistling

15. Participle Phrases • What is a phrase? • A group of words functioning as a single part of speech. • A participial phrase is a participle with its modifiers and complements—all working as an adjective.

16. Example • The fire station located nearbypromptly responded to the fire. • We saw the hawk soaring effortlessly above us.

17. Select the words that form the participle phrase. Write the letter of the correct choice on your whiteboard.

18. A • Driving through the snow • my father had • to use caution.

19. B • The dinner • cooking on the stove • smelled wonderful.

20. A • Pushing the wagon up the hill • the paperboy • continued to deliver papers.

21. A • Riding my bicycle, • I began • to breathe heavily.

22. B • The actor • overtaken by fans • hurried into the hotel.

23. Punctuation with Participles • The punctuation is the same as with prepositional phrases and appositives. • Introductory participles are followed by a comma. • If the participle is nonessential, it is followed by a comma.

24. Which is the proper way to punctuate the sentence?

25. B • Racing to the finish line I smiled victoriously. • Racing to the finish line, I smiled victoriously.

26. A • My band, marching in the contest, took the audience by surprise. • My band marching in the contest took the audience by surprise.

27. B • Showering the fields the rain fell all day. • Showering the fields, the rain fell all day.

28. B • Joel, smiling after the win joined his teammates on the field. • Joel, smiling after the win, joined his teammates on the field.

29. B • Eating the spicy food I began to sweat. • Eating the spicy food, I began to sweat.

30. What is a gerund? • A verbal ending in –ingand acts as a noun. • Because it is acting as a noun, it can be anything a noun is: subject, direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition, predicate nominative, appositive. • A gerund phrase consists of the gerund with its modifiers and complements.

31. Examples • Subject: Talking loudly always attracts attention. • Direct object: Everyone in my house enjoys watching the World Series. • Indirect object: He gave voting for class president careful thought.

32. Examples Continued • Object of a preposition: She worked eight hours without taking a break. • Predicate nominative: A great thrill for her was winning the state tennis tournament. • Appositive: Dad’s hobby, carving wooden soldiers, has taught him much about history.

33. Note!! • The possessive form of a noun or a pronoun is used before a gerund and is considered part of the gerund phrase. • Example: Mrs. Lambert insists on ourtyping our compositions.

34. Write the Gerund in each sentence.

35. Horseback riding has many benefits for people with disabilities.

36. Horseback riding has many benefits for people with disabilities.subject

37. People with disabilities or emotional problems can enjoy moving around.

38. People with disabilities or emotional problems can enjoy moving around.Direct object

39. One horse, named Silver, was especially good at walking slowly and carefully.

40. One horse, named Silver, was especially good at walkingslowly and carefully.Object of the preposition at

41. Waiting took patience, but Silver let the teachers lift a woman named Maria onto his back.

42. Waitingtook patience, but Silver let the teachers lift a woman named Maria onto his back.subject

43. When Maria started riding, she had never walked in her life.

44. When Maria started riding, she had never walked in her life.Direct object

45. Her activity had been limited to rolling in her wheelchair.

46. Her activity had been limited to rollingin her wheelchair.Object of the preposition to

47. From Silver, she learned balancing.

48. From Silver, she learned balancing.Direct object

49. After building her strength, she cold even walk with a little help.

50. After buildingher strength, she cold even walk with a little help.Object of the preposition after