"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears…”

1. "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears…” … and listen to this PowerPoint presentation on William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar Grade 10 Elizabeth Kamerzel Objectives Slide Program Menu

2. Objectives • Name the eight different types of figurative speech used in the play when asked. • Be able to locate an instance of each figure of speech in the play OR be able to compose your own example when asked.

3. Slide 1- Home Slide Slide 2- Objectives Slide 3- Program Menu Slide 4- List of Figurative Speech in Julius Caesar Slide 5- Anaphora Slide 6- Metaphor Slide 7- Alliteration Slide 8- Hyperbole Slide 9- Apostrophe Slide 10- Personification Slide 11- Allusion Slide 12- Irony Slide 13- Simile Slide 14- Two figures of speech at work Slide 15- Romans, ho! Slide Program Menu

4. Why is Julius Caesar such an effectively written play? • Figures of Speech! • Anaphora • Metaphor • Alliteration • Hyperbole • Apostrophe • Personification • Allusion • Irony

5. Anaphora • “You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things!” –Marullus to commoners, Act I, Scene I • The deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive verses, clauses, or paragraphs is anaphora.

6. Metaphor • a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity • “You blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things!” -Marullus to commoners, Act I, Scene I • “I know he would not be a wolf,/ But that he see the Romans are but sheep:/ He were no lion, were not Romans hinds.” –Casca to Cassius and Brutus, Act I, Scene III

7. Alliteration • The repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables; predominantly consonantal • “There are no tricks in plain and simple faith;/ But hollow men, like horses hot at hand,/ Make gallant show and promise of their mettle…”- Brutus, Act IV, Scene II

8. Hyperbole • A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect • “For if thou path, thy native semblance on,/ Not Erebus itself were dim enough/ To hide thee from prevention.” - Brutus, Act II, Scene I

9. Apostrophe • The direct address of an absent or imaginary person or of a personified abstraction, especially as a digression in the course of a speech or composition. • “O conspiracy,/ Shamest thou to show thy dangerous brow by night,/ When evils are most free? O, then by day/ Where wilt thou find a cavern dark enough/ To mask thy monstrous visage? Seek none, conspiracy;/ Hide it in smiles and affability”- Brutus, Act II, Scene I

10. Personification • A figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form. Also called prosopopeia. • “Danger knows full well/ that Caesar is more dangerous than he.”- Caesar, Act II, Scene II • “O murd’rous slumber!/ Layest thou thy leaden mace upon my boy,/ That plays thee music?”- Brutus, Act IV, Scene III

11. Allusion • The act of alluding; making an indirect reference • “A friendly eye could never see such faults.” “A flatterer’s would not, though they do appear/ As huge as high Olympus.”- Cassius and Brutus, Act IV, Scene III

12. Irony • a. The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning. b. An expression or utterance marked by a deliberate contrast between apparent and intended meaning. c. A literary style employing such contrasts for humorous or rhetorical effect. • Marc Antony’s funeral oration in Act III, Scene II is ironic throughout. He comes to “bury Caesar, not to praise him,” he does praise Caesar for the burgeoning treasury, his sympathy to the poor, and for refusing the crown. Antony goes on to praise Brutus as an “honourable man” even though the context indicates he means anything but.

13. Simile • A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as • “Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world/ Like a Colossus, and we petty men/ Walk under his huge legs and peep about/ To find ourselves dishonourable graves.”- Cassius to Brutus, Act I, Scene II

14. “Veni, Vidi, Vici!”